| Title: | Herbicidal Activities of Some Allelochemicals and Their Synergistic Behaviors toward Amaranthus tricolor L |
| Author(s): | Chotsaeng N; Laosinwattana C; Charoenying P; |
| Address: | "Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand. nawasit.ch@kmitl.ac.th. Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand. patchaneecha@yahoo.com. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand. klchamro@kmitl.ac.th" |
| DOI: | 10.3390/molecules22111841 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1420-3049 (Electronic) 1420-3049 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Seven allelochemicals, namely R-(+)-limonene (A), vanillin (B), xanthoxyline (C), vanillic acid (D), linoleic acid (E), methyl linoleate (F), and (+/-)-odorine (G), were investigated for their herbicidal activities on Chinese amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.). At 400 muM, xanthoxyline (C) showed the greatest inhibitory activity on seed germination and seedling growth of the tested plant. Both vanillic acid (D) and (+/-)-odorine (G) inhibited shoot growth, however, apart from xanthoxyline (C), only vanillic acid (D) could inhibit root growth. Interestingly, R-(+)-limonene (A) lightly promoted root length. Other substances had no allelopathic effect on seed germination and seedling growth of the tested plant. To better understand and optimize the inhibitory effects of these natural herbicides, 21 samples of binary mixtures of these seven compounds were tested at 400 muM using 0.25% (v/v) Tween((R)) 80 as a control treatment. The results showed that binary mixtures of R-(+)-limonene:xanthoxyline (A:C), vanillin:xanthoxyline (B:C), and xanthoxyline:linoleic acid (C:E) exhibited strong allelopathic activities on germination and seedling growth of the tested plant, and the level of inhibition was close to the effect of xanthoxyline (C) at 400 microM and was better than the effect of xanthoxyline (C) at 200 microM. The inhibition was hypothesized to be from a synergistic interaction of each pair of alleochemicals. Mole ratios of each pair of allelochemicals ((A:C), (B:C), and (C:E)) were then evaluated, and the best ratios of the binary mixtures A:C, B:C and C:E were found to be 2:8, 2:8, and 4:6 respectively. These binary mixtures significantly inhibited germination and shoot and root growth of Chinese amaranth at low concentrations. The results reported here highlight a synergistic behavior of some allelochemicals which could be applied in the development of potential herbicides" |
| Keywords: | Amaranthus/*drug effects Germination/drug effects Herbicides/chemical synthesis/*chemistry/*pharmacology Pheromones/*chemistry/*pharmacology Seedlings/drug effects Vanillic Acid/chemistry/pharmacology Chinese amaranth R-(+)-limonene allelopathy binary mix; |
| Notes: | "MedlineChotsaeng, Nawasit Laosinwattana, Chamroon Charoenying, Patchanee eng Switzerland 2017/10/28 Molecules. 2017 Oct 27; 22(11):1841. doi: 10.3390/molecules22111841" |
