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Int J Paleopathol

Title:		The pathology of vitamin D deficiency in domesticated animals: An evolutionary and comparative overview
Author(s):		Uhl EW;
Address:		"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 DW Brooks Drive, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-7388, United States. Electronic address: euhl@uga.edu"
Journal Title:		Int J Paleopathol
Year:		2018
Volume:		20180313
Issue:
Page Number:		100 - 109
DOI:		10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.03.001
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-9825 (Electronic) 1879-9817 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Although vitamin D is critical to calcium/phosphorus homeostasis, bone formation and remodeling, there is evolution-based variation between species in vitamin D metabolism and susceptibility to rickets and osteomalacia. Most herbivores produce vitamin D(3) in response to sunlight, but dogs and cats have generally lost the ability as carnivore diets are rich in vitamin D. Nutritional deficiencies and/or poor exposure to sunlight can induce rickets in birds, swine, cattle and sheep, but horses are less susceptible as they have evolved a calcium homeostasis that is quite different than other animals. Adaptations to specific environments also affect disease incidence: llamas/alpacas out of their natural high altitude intense solar radiation environments are highly susceptible to vitamin D deficiency. The pathology of rickets/osteomalacia is similar across species, however fibrous osteodystrophy is more common and may also be present. Rickets/osteomalacia were likely more common in animals before the advent of commercial diets, but can be difficult to definitively diagnose especially in single archeological specimens. Consideration of species susceptibility, location - especially in terms of latitude, and any available information on diet, season of occurrence, husbandry practices or descriptions of affected animals can support the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease in animals"
Keywords:		"Animals *Animals, Domestic History, 15th Century History, 16th Century History, 17th Century History, 18th Century History, 19th Century History, 20th Century History, 21st Century History, Ancient History, Medieval Vitamin D Deficiency/history/*veterinar;"
Notes:		"MedlineUhl, Elizabeth W eng Historical Article Review Netherlands 2018/03/17 Int J Paleopathol. 2018 Dec; 23:100-109. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.03.001. Epub 2018 Mar 13"