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Dev Cell

Title:		Transgenerational inheritance of sexual attractiveness via small RNAs enhances evolvability in C. elegans
Author(s):		Toker IA; Lev I; Mor Y; Gurevich Y; Fisher D; Houri-Zeevi L; Antonova O; Doron H; Anava S; Gingold H; Hadany L; Shaham S; Rechavi O;
Address:		"Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: itaitoker@gmail.com. Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: itamai.et@gmail.com. Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: yael.moryosef@gmail.com. School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: odedrechavi@gmail.com"
Journal Title:		Dev Cell
Year:		2022
Volume:		57
Issue:		3
Page Number:		298 - 309
DOI:		10.1016/j.devcel.2022.01.005
ISSN/ISBN:		1878-1551 (Electronic) 1534-5807 (Print) 1534-5807 (Linking)
Abstract:		"It is unknown whether transient transgenerational epigenetic responses to environmental challenges affect the process of evolution, which typically unfolds over many generations. Here, we show that in C. elegans, inherited small RNAs control genetic variation by regulating the crucial decision of whether to self-fertilize or outcross. We found that under stressful temperatures, younger hermaphrodites secrete a male-attracting pheromone. Attractiveness transmits transgenerationally to unstressed progeny via heritable small RNAs and the Argonaute Heritable RNAi Deficient-1 (HRDE-1). We identified an endogenous small interfering RNA pathway, enriched in endo-siRNAs that target sperm genes, that transgenerationally regulates sexual attraction, male prevalence, and outcrossing rates. Multigenerational mating competition experiments and mathematical simulations revealed that over generations, animals that inherit attractiveness mate more and their alleles spread in the population. We propose that the sperm serves as a 'stress-sensor' that, via small RNA inheritance, promotes outcrossing in challenging environments when increasing genetic variation is advantageous"
Keywords:		"Animals;Animals *Biological Evolution Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism Environment Female Gene Expression Regulation Inheritance Patterns/*genetics Male RNA/*metabolism *Sex Characteristics Spermatozoa/metabolism Stress, ;Neuroscience;"
Notes:		"MedlineToker, Itai Antoine Lev, Itamar Mor, Yael Gurevich, Yael Fisher, Doron Houri-Zeevi, Leah Antonova, Olga Doron, Hila Anava, Sarit Gingold, Hila Hadany, Lilach Shaham, Shai Rechavi, Oded eng P40 OD010440/OD/NIH HHS/ R35 NS105094/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2022/02/09 Dev Cell. 2022 Feb 7; 57(3):298-309.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.01.005"