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J Chem Ecol

Title:		Intra- and interspecific avoidance of areas marked with skin extract from brook sticklebacks (Culaea inconstans) in a natural habitat
Author(s):		Chivers DP; Smith RJ;
Address:		"Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		1994
Volume:		20
Issue:		7
Page Number:		1517 - 1524
DOI:		10.1007/BF02059877
ISSN/ISBN:		0098-0331 (Print) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The detection of a chemical alarm pheromone may allow receivers to avoid areas where a predator has captured the prey's conspecifics. We marked minnow traps with either brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) skin extract or a control of distilled water and tested whether sticklebacks avoided the skin extract marked traps in a natural habitat. Significantly more sticklebacks were captured in traps marked with control water, thereby demonstrating avoidance of conspecific skin extract. The stickleback captured in traps marked with conspecific extract were significantly smaller than those captured in traps marked with control water, implicating ontogenetic factors (i.e., experience or physiological development) in the development of the response. We also captured significantly fewer finescale dace (Chrosomus neogaeus) and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in traps marked with skin extract. These data suggest that dace and minnows may benefit by avoiding areas where predators have recently captured sticklebacks"
Keywords:
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEChivers, D P Smith, R J eng 1994/07/01 J Chem Ecol. 1994 Jul; 20(7):1517-24. doi: 10.1007/BF02059877"