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Antioxidants (Basel)

Title:		Effect of Marine Bacteria and Ulvan on the Activity of Antioxidant Defense Enzymes and the Bio-Protection of Papaya Fruit against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Author(s):		Chiquito-Contreras RG; Murillo-Amador B; Carmona-Hernandez S; Chiquito-Contreras CJ; Hernandez-Montiel LG;
Address:		"Facultad de Ciencias Agricolas, Universidad Veracruzana, Campus Xalapa, Circuito Universitario Gonzalo Aguirre Beltran s/n, Zona Universitaria, Xalapa 91090, Ver., Mexico. Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Calle Instituto Politecnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, B.C.S., Mexico"
Journal Title:		Antioxidants (Basel)
Year:		2019
Volume:		20191123
Issue:		12
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/antiox8120580
ISSN/ISBN:		2076-3921 (Print) 2076-3921 (Electronic) 2076-3921 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is one of the most important diseases in papaya fruit. Its control has been achieved with synthetic fungicides, but the application of marine bacteria and the sulphated polysaccharide ulvan (structural description: beta[1,4]-D-GlcA-alpha[1,4]-L-Rha 3 sulfate, beta[1,4]-L-IdoA-alpha[1,4]-L-Rha 3 sulfate, beta[1,4]-D-Xyl-alpha[1,4]-L-Rha 3 sulfate, and beta[1,4]-D-Xyl 2-sulfate-alpha[1,4]-L-Rha 3 sulfate) from Ulva sp. can be an alternative in the use of agrochemicals. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the effect in vitro and in vivo of two marine bacteria, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and ulvan in papaya fruit's bio-protection against C. gloeosporioides. The capacity of marine bacteria to inhibit mycelial growth and phytopathogen spore germination in vitro through volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbohydrate competition was evaluated. Fruit was inoculated with bacteria, ulvan, and C. gloeosporioides and incubated at 25 degrees C and 90% of relative humidity (RH) for seven days. Disease incidence (%), lesion diameter (mm), and antioxidant defense enzyme activity (such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were quantified. In vitro, C. gloeosporioides was inhibited by S. rhizophila and B. amyloliquefaciens. In vivo, disease incidence and the lesion diameter of anthracnose on papaya fruit were significantly reduced by marine bacteria and ulvan. Antioxidant defense enzyme activity played an important role in fruit bio-protection against C. gloeosporioides. The application of marine bacteria and ulvan can be an alternative in the sustainable postharvest management of papaya"
Keywords:		Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Stenotrophomonas rhizophila anthracnose biocontrol;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEChiquito-Contreras, Roberto G Murillo-Amador, Bernardo Carmona-Hernandez, Saul Chiquito-Contreras, Cesar J Hernandez-Montiel, Luis G eng 2015-01-352/Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia/ Switzerland 2019/11/28 Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Nov 23; 8(12):580. doi: 10.3390/antiox8120580"