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Chemosphere

Title:		Transport and natural attenuation of benzene vapor from a point source in the vadose zone
Author(s):		Sun Y; Yue G; Ma J;
Address:		"State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China. Electronic address: rubpmj@sina.com"
Journal Title:		Chemosphere
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230228
Issue:
Page Number:		138222 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138222
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1298 (Electronic) 0045-6535 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The vadose zone is a very dynamic and active environment that directly affects natural attenuation and vapor intrusion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Therefore, it is important to understand the fate and transport of VOCs in the vadose zone. A column experiment combined with model study was conducted to investigate the influence of soil type, vadose zone thickness, and soil moisture content on benzene vapor transport and natural attenuation in the vadose zone. Vapor-phase biodegradation and volatilization to atmosphere for benzene are two main natural attenuation mechanism in the vadose zone. Our data showed that biodegradation in black soil is the main natural attenuation mechanism (82.8%) while volatilization is the main natural attenuation mechanism in quartz sand, floodplain soil, lateritic red earth and yellow earth (>71.9%). The R-UNSAT model-predicted soil gas concentration profile and flux were close with four soil column data except for yellow earth. Increasing the vadose zone thickness and soil moisture content significantly reduced the volatilization contribution while increased biodegradation contribution. The volatilization loss decreased from 89.3% to 45.8% when the vadose zone thickness increased from 30 cm to 150 cm. The volatilization loss decreased from 71.9% to 10.1% when the soil moisture content increased from 6.4% to 25.4%. Overall, this study provided valuable insights into clarifying the roles of soil type, moisture, and other environmental conditions in vadose zone natural attenuation mechanism and vapor concentration"
Keywords:		"Benzene Gases Biodegradation, Environmental *Soil Pollutants/analysis *Volatile Organic Compounds Soil Contaminated site Natural attenuation Petroleum hydrocarbon Soil remediation Unsaturated zone Vapor intrusion;"
Notes:		"MedlineSun, Yue Yue, Gangsen Ma, Jie eng England 2023/03/03 Chemosphere. 2023 May; 323:138222. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138222. Epub 2023 Feb 28"