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J Hazard Mater

Title:		Toxic mechanism of eucalyptol and beta-cyclocitral on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by inducing programmed cell death
Author(s):		Sun Q; Zhou M; Zuo Z;
Address:		"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China. Electronic address: zuozhaojiang@126.com"
Journal Title:		J Hazard Mater
Year:		2020
Volume:		20191216
Issue:
Page Number:		121910 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121910
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-3336 (Electronic) 0304-3894 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Eucalyptol and beta-cyclocitral are 2 main compounds in cyanobacterial volatile organic compounds and can poison other algae. To uncover the toxic mechanism of the 2 compounds, the cell growth, photosynthetic abilities, H(2)O(2) production, caspase-like activities, nuclear variation and DNA laddering were investigated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii treated with eucalyptol and beta-cyclocitral. Eucalyptol at >/= 0.1 mM and beta-cyclocitral at >/= 0.05 mM showed toxic effects on C. reinhardtii cells, and 1.2 mM eucalyptol and 0.4 mM beta-cyclocitral killed the whole of the cells during 24 h. During the death process, the photosynthetic pigment gradually degraded, and Fv/Fm gradually declined, indicating that the death is not a necrosis due to the gradual disappearance of the physiological process. In the treatments with 1.2 mM eucalyptol and 0.4 mM beta-cyclocitral, H(2)O(2) content burst at 10 min and 30 min, respectively. Caspase-9-like and caspase-3-like were activated, and cell nucleuses concentrated firstly and then broke with prolonging the treatment time. Meanwhile, DNA showed laddering after 1 h, and was gradually cleaved by Ca(2+)-dependent endonucleases to mainly about 100-250 bp fragments. These hallmarks indicated that eucalyptol and beta-cyclocitral may poison other algal cells by inducing programmed cell death triggered by the increased H(2)O(2)"
Keywords:		Aldehydes/*toxicity Apoptosis/*drug effects Caspase 3/metabolism Caspase 9/metabolism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/*drug effects DNA/drug effects Diterpenes/*toxicity Eucalyptol/*toxicity Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism Volatile Organic Compounds/toxicity Chlam;
Notes:		"MedlineSun, Qing Zhou, Min Zuo, Zhaojiang eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2019/12/28 J Hazard Mater. 2020 May 5; 389:121910. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121910. Epub 2019 Dec 16"