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J Chem Ecol

Title:		Variation of insect attracting odor in endophytic Epichloe fungi: phylogenetic constrains versus host influence
Author(s):		Steinebrunner F; Schiestl FP; Leuchtmann A;
Address:		"Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology , ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2008
Volume:		20080508
Issue:		6
Page Number:		772 - 782
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-008-9476-5
ISSN/ISBN:		0098-0331 (Print) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Odor is a key trait for pollinator attraction in flowering plants, and many studies have investigated odor evolution in the light of pollinator selection by emphasizing the importance of the plant phylogenetic history. By contrast, little is known on the evolution of odors in fungus-insect interactions. In this study, profiles of three volatile compounds that are emitted by grass-inhabiting Epichloe fungi (Clavicipitaceae, Ascomycota) and that have a confirmed or likely role in the attraction of gamete-transferring Botanophila flies were investigated. We collected headspace samples from stromata of six European Epichloe species (including various host races) that originated from different locations in Switzerland, France, Poland, and UK for conducting gas chromatography analyses. Odor profiles exhibited considerable variation, but profiles of most species overlapped and did not discriminate at the species level. The exception was Epichloe festucae, which had a profile dominated by methyl (Z)-3-methyldodec-2-enoate. Based on an Epichloe phylogeny, there was some hierarchical structuring regarding levels of chokol K, another confirmed Botanophila attractant. However, patterns of odor profiles appeared to be largely dependant on particular Epichloe-host associations. The observed variation may be the result of complex selective pressures imposed by Botanophila gametic vectors, local environment, and mycoparasites"
Keywords:		Animals Diptera/physiology *Host-Pathogen Interactions Hypocreales/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology Likelihood Functions Mass Spectrometry Odorants/*analysis Organic Chemicals/analysis/chemistry Pheromones/*metabolism *Phylogeny Poaceae/microbiology Princ;
Notes:		"MedlineSteinebrunner, Fabrizio Schiestl, Florian P Leuchtmann, Adrian eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2008/05/09 J Chem Ecol. 2008 Jun; 34(6):772-82. doi: 10.1007/s10886-008-9476-5. Epub 2008 May 8"