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Sci Total Environ

Title:		Waste timber pyrolysis in a medium-scale unit: Emission budgets and biochar quality
Author(s):		Sormo E; Silvani L; Thune G; Gerber H; Schmidt HP; Smebye AB; Cornelissen G;
Address:		"Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Sognsveien 72, 0855 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: ers@ngi.no. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Sognsveien 72, 0855 Oslo, Norway. Lindum AS, Lerpeveien 155, 3036 Drammen, Norway. Pyreg GmbH, Trinkbornstrasse 15-17, 56281 Dorth, Germany. Ithaka Institute for Carbon Strategies, Ancienne Eglise 9, 1974 Arbaz, Switzerland. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Sognsveien 72, 0855 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management (MINA), University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Universitetstunet 3, 1433 As, Norway. Electronic address: gco@ngi.no"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200214
Issue:
Page Number:		137335 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137335
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Pyrolysis of organic waste or woody materials yields a stable carbonaceous product that can be mixed into soil and is often termed 'biochar'. During pyrolysis carbon-containing gases are emitted, mainly volatile organic carbon species, carbon monoxide and aerosols. In modern pyrolysis units, gases are after-combusted, which reduces emissions substantially. However, emission data for medium- to large-scale pyrolysis units are scant, both regarding gases, aerosols, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Making biochar from lightly contaminated waste timber (WT) is a promising waste handling option as it results in the potential valorization of such residues into e.g. sorbents for contaminant stabilization. For this process to be environmentally sustainable, emissions during the process need to be low and the resulting biochar of sufficient quality. To investigate both issues, we pyrolyzed three batches of WT and one reference batch of clean wood/leaves in a representative medium-scale pyrolysis unit (Pyreg-500, 750?ª+t/year) with after-combustion of the pyrolysis gases, and measured the gas, aerosol, metal and PAH emissions, as well as the characteristics and contamination levels of the resulting biochar, including contaminant leaching. Mean emission factors for the WT were (g/kg biochar); CO?ª+=?ª+7?ª++/-?ª+2, non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC)?ª+=?ª+0.86?ª++/-?ª+0.14, CH(4)?ª+=?ª+0, aerosols (PM(10))?ª+=?ª+0.6?ª++/-?ª+0.3, total products of incomplete combustion (PIC)?ª+=?ª+9?ª++/-?ª+3, PAH-16?ª+=?ª+(2.0?ª++/-?ª+0.2)?ª+.?ª+10(-5), As (most abundant metal)?ª+=?ª+(2.3?ª++/-?ª+1.9)?ª+.?ª+10(-3) and NO(X)?ª+=?ª+0.65?ª++/-?ª+0.10. There were no significant differences in emission factors between the pyrolysis of WT and the reference respectively, except for PM(10), NMVOC, and PAH-16, which were significantly lower for WT than for the clean wood/leaves. The WT biochar did not satisfy premium or basic European Biochar Certificate criteria due to high levels of zinc and PAH. However, leachable metal contents were <0.1% of total contents. Still, use of the WT-biochar without further improvement or investigation would be limited to ex situ use, not improving soil fertility or in situ remediation"
Keywords:		Charcoal Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons *Pyrolysis Soil Biochar quality Contaminated organic waste Emissions Leaching Pyrolysis Waste timber;
Notes:		"MedlineSormo, Erlend Silvani, Ludovica Thune, Gorm Gerber, Helmut Schmidt, Hans Peter Smebye, Andreas Botnen Cornelissen, Gerard eng Netherlands 2020/02/25 Sci Total Environ. 2020 May 20; 718:137335. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137335. Epub 2020 Feb 14"