| Title: | Within- and between-home variability in indoor-air insecticide levels during pregnancy among an inner-city cohort from New York City |
| Author(s): | Whyatt RM; Garfinkel R; Hoepner LA; Holmes D; Borjas M; Williams MK; Reyes A; Rauh V; Perera FP; Camann DE; |
| Address: | "Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. rmw5@columbia.edu" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 0091-6765 (Print) 1552-9924 (Electronic) 0091-6765 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "BACKGROUND: Residential insecticide use is widespread in the United States, but few data are available on the persistence and variability in levels in the indoor environment. OBJECTIVE: The study aim was to assess within- and between-home variability in indoor-air insecticides over the final 2 months of pregnancy among a cohort of African-American and Dominican women from New York City. METHODS: Women not employed outside the home were enrolled between February 2001 and May 2004 (n = 102); 9 insecticides and an adjuvant were measured in 48-hr personal air samples and 2-week integrated indoor air samples collected sequentially for 7.0 +/- 2.3 weeks (n = 337 air samples). RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of the women reported using pest control during the air samplings. Chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and propoxur were detected in 99-100% of personal and indoor samples (range, 0.4-641 ng/m(3)). Piperonyl butoxide (a pyrethroid adjuvant) was detected in 45.5-68.5% (0.2-608 ng/m(3)). There was little within-home variability and no significant difference in air concentrations within homes over time (p > or = 0.2); between-home variability accounted for 88% of the variance in the indoor air levels of propoxur, 92% in chlorpyrifos, 94% in diazinon, and 62% in piperonyl butoxide (p < 0.001). Indoor and maternal personal air insecticide levels were highly correlated (r = 0.7-0.9, p < 0.001). Diazinon and chlorpyrifos levels declined 5-fold between 2001 and 2004 but were detected in all homes 1.5 and 2.5 years, respectively, after the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ban on their residential use. CONCLUSION: Results showed that the insecticides were persistent in the home with little variability in air concentrations over the 2 months and contributed to chronic maternal inhalation exposures during pregnancy" |
| Keywords: | "Adult Air Pollutants/*analysis Air Pollution, Indoor/*analysis Environmental Monitoring Epidemiological Monitoring Female Housing Humans Inhalation Exposure/*analysis Insecticides/*analysis *Maternal Exposure New York City/epidemiology Pregnancy;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineWhyatt, Robin M Garfinkel, Robin Hoepner, Lori A Holmes, Darrell Borjas, Mejico Williams, Megan K Reyes, Andria Rauh, Virginia Perera, Frederica P Camann, David E eng P01 ES009600/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ R01 ES11158/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ P50 ES09600/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ R01 ES011158/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ R01 ES008977/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ P50 ES009600/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ R01 ES08977/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ Comparative Study Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2007/04/14 Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Mar; 115(3):383-9. doi: 10.1289/ehp.9546. Epub 2006 Dec 11" |
