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J Exp Biol

Title:		A species-specific nematocide that results in terminal embryogenesis
Author(s):		Renahan T; Hong RL;
Address:		"California State University, Northridge, Department of Biology, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA. California State University, Northridge, Department of Biology, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA ray.hong@csun.edu"
Journal Title:		J Exp Biol
Year:		2017
Volume:		20170706
Issue:		Pt 18
Page Number:		3238 - 3247
DOI:		10.1242/jeb.159665
ISSN/ISBN:		1477-9145 (Electronic) 0022-0949 (Print) 0022-0949 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Nematode-insect interactions are ubiquitous, complex and constantly changing as the host and nematode coevolve. The entomophilic nematode Pristionchus pacificus is found on a myriad beetle species worldwide, although the molecular dynamics of this relationship are largely unknown. To better understand how host cues affect P. pacificus embryogenesis, we characterized the threshold of sensitivity to the pheromone (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-one (ZTDO) by determining the minimum exposure duration and developmental window that results in P. pacificus embryonic lethality. We found early-stage embryos exposed to volatile ZTDO for as few as 4 h all display terminal embryogenesis, characterized by punctuated development up to 48 h later, with abnormal morphology and limited cavity formation. To determine if the pheromone arrests pre-hatching development by suffocating or permeabilizing the eggshells, we raised embryos under anoxic conditions and also examined eggshell permeability using the lipophilic dye FM4-64. We found that asphyxiating the embryos arrested embryogenesis in a reversible manner but did not phenocopy the effects of ZTDO exposure, whereas the ZTDO-induced disruption of embryogenesis did correlate with increased eggshell permeability. The effects of ZTDO are also highly specific, as other lipid insect compounds do not produce any detectable embryocidal effect. The high specificity and unusual teratogenic effect of ZTDO may be important in mediating the host-nematode relationship by regulating P. pacificus development"
Keywords:		Animals Antinematodal Agents/*pharmacology Coleoptera/*parasitology Embryonic Development/drug effects Host-Parasite Interactions Rhabditida/*drug effects/embryology Sex Attractants/*physiology Species Specificity Eggshell Embryogenesis Nematode Pheromone;
Notes:		"MedlineRenahan, Tess Hong, Ray L eng SC3 GM105579/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural England 2017/07/08 J Exp Biol. 2017 Sep 15; 220(Pt 18):3238-3247. doi: 10.1242/jeb.159665. Epub 2017 Jul 6"