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Sci Total Environ

Title:		Understanding the influence of summer biomass burning on air quality in North India: Eight cities field campaign study
Author(s):		Ravindra K; Singh T; Singh V; Chintalapati S; Beig G; Mor S;
Address:		"Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India. Electronic address: khaiwal@yahoo.com. Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), Kyoto, 6038047, Japan. National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki 517502, India. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi 110003, India. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pashan, Pune, India; National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Bangalore 560012, India. Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India. Electronic address: sumanmor@yahoo.com"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2023
Volume:		20221201
Issue:
Page Number:		160361 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160361
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Near real-time monitoring of major air pollutants, i.e., particulate matter (PM(10), PM(2.5), PM(1)), trace gases (O(3), CO, NO, NO(2), NO(x), NH(3), CO(2), SO(2)) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs: benzene, ethylbenzene, m-, p-xylene, o-xylene and toluene) along with climatological parameters was done in eight-cities field campaigns during the rabi (wheat) crop residue burning period in the northwest of Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) region. The phase-wise monitoring was done at eight locations representing rural, semi-urban and urban backgrounds. During the whole campaign, the semi-urban site (Sirsa) observed the highest average concentration of PM(10) (226 +/- 111 mug m(-3)) and PM(2.5) (91 +/- 67 mug m(-3)). The urban site (Chandigarh) reported the minimum concentrations of all the three size fractions of particulate matter with PM(10) as 89 +/- 54 mug m(-3), PM(2.5) as 42 +/- 22 mug m(-3) and PM(1) as 20 +/- 13 mug m(-3) where the monitoring was done in the early phase of the campaign. The highest VOC concentration was recorded at the semi-urban (Sirsa) site, whereas the lowest was at a rural location (Fatehgarh Sahib). NH(3) concentration was observed highest in rural sites (31.7 +/- 29.8 ppbv), which can be due to the application of fertilizers in agricultural activities. Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) based fire and thermal anomalies, along with HYSPLIT back trajectory analysis, show that major air masses over monitoring sites (22 %-70 %) were from the rabi crop residue burning regions. The characteristic ratios and Principal component analysis (PCA) results show that diverse sources, i.e., emissions from crop residue burning, solid biomass fuels, vehicles and industries, majorly degrade the regional air quality. This multi-city study observed that semi-urban regions have the most compromised air quality during the rabi crop residue burning and need attention to address the air quality issues in the IGP region"
Keywords:		Cities Biomass Environmental Monitoring/methods *Air Pollution/analysis *Air Pollutants/analysis Particulate Matter/analysis Seasons India Air quality Crop residue burning Field campaign Igp Pm(2.5) Rabi crop (Wheat) VOCs;
Notes:		"MedlineRavindra, Khaiwal Singh, Tanbir Singh, Vikas Chintalapati, Sudheer Beig, Gufran Mor, Suman eng Netherlands 2022/12/05 Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 25; 861:160361. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160361. Epub 2022 Dec 1"