| Title: | Volatile Compound Emissions from Stereolithography Three-Dimensional Printed Cured Resin Models for Biomedical Applications |
| Author(s): | Pham YL; Wojnowski W; Beauchamp J; |
| Address: | "Department of Sensory Analytics and Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Strasse 35, 85354Freising, Germany. Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Henkestrasse 9, 91054Erlangen, Germany. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233Gdansk, Poland. Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033-Blindern, 0315Oslo, Norway" |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00317 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1520-5010 (Electronic) 0893-228X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Stereolithography three-dimensional printing is used increasingly in biomedical applications to create components for use in healthcare and therapy. The exposure of patients to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from cured resins represents an element of concern in such applications. Here, we investigate the biocompatibility in relation to inhalation exposure of volatile emissions of three different cured commercial resins for use in printing a mouthpiece adapter for sampling exhaled breath. VOC emission rates were estimated based on direct analysis using a microchamber/thermal extractor coupled to a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer. Complementary analyses using comprehensive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry aided compound identification. Major VOCs emitted from the cured resins were associated with polymerization agents, additives, and postprocessing procedures and included alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, esters, and terpenes. Total VOC emissions from cubes printed using the general-purpose resin were approximately an order of magnitude higher than those of the cubes printed using resins dedicated to biomedical applications at the respective test temperatures (40 and 25 degrees C). Daily inhalation exposures were estimated and compared with daily tolerable intake levels or standard thresholds of toxicological concerns. The two resins intended for biomedical applications were deemed suitable for fabricating an adapter mouthpiece for use in breath research. The general-purpose resin was unsuitable, with daily inhalation exposures for breath sampling applications at 40 degrees C estimated at 310 mug day(-1) for propylene glycol (tolerable intake (TI) limit of 190 mug day(-1)) and 1254 mug day(-1) for methyl acrylate (TI of 43 mug day(-1))" |
| Keywords: | Humans *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Stereolithography Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry Hydrocarbons/analysis; |
| Notes: | "MedlinePham, Y Lan Wojnowski, Wojciech Beauchamp, Jonathan eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2022/12/20 Chem Res Toxicol. 2023 Mar 20; 36(3):369-379. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00317. Epub 2022 Dec 19" |
