| Title: | Toxicity of diatom polyunsaturated aldehydes to marine bacterial isolates reveals their mode of action |
| Author(s): | Pepi M; Heipieper HJ; Balestra C; Borra M; Biffali E; Casotti R; |
| Address: | "Stazione Zoologica A. Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. Stazione Zoologica A. Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy. Electronic address: raffaella.casotti@szn.it" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.031 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1879-1298 (Electronic) 0045-6535 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Diatoms produce and release polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) during senescence in culture and at the end of blooms in nature and these compounds play different ecological roles, as infochemicals, allelochemicals and pheromones In order to elucidate the toxic effects of PUAs, we isolated six bacterial strains from the Mediterranean Sea during a diatom bloom and tested their tolerance to PUA in terms of growth and cell membrane properties. Based upon 16S rRNA sequencing, these bacteria were assigned to the genera Pseudomonas, Sufflavibacter, Halomonas, Vibrio, Idiomarina, and Labrenzia. Growth of these strains was reduced by 50% (EC(50)) at PUA concentrations ranging from 600 to 1700 muM of 2E,4E/Z-heptadienal (HEPTA), 400-800 muM of 2E, 4E/Z-octadienal (OCTA), and 70-400 muM of 2E, 4E/Z-decadienal (DECA). Two of these strains, Vibrio sp. and Halomonas, sp. were also investigated for membrane fatty acid composition in terms of adaptive modifications of their degree of saturation (ratio between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids) by GC-FID. A direct correlation between hydrophobicity and PUA toxicity was observed, and these bacteria were also found to react to PUAs by increasing the degree of saturation of their membranes fatty acids. Tested PUAs were 4-fold more toxic than the well-investigated n-alkanols, most probably due to their additional chemical aldehyde toxicity to disrupting proteins by the formation of Schiff's bases, and therefore, they act as very toxic and effective poison, probably accumulating in cytoplasmic membranes because of their high hydrophobicity" |
| Keywords: | "Aldehydes/*chemistry Bacteria/*chemistry Diatoms/*chemistry Esters/chemistry Eutrophication Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/*chemistry Geography Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions Lipids/chemistry Mediterranean Sea RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics Water Microb;" |
| Notes: | "MedlinePepi, Milva Heipieper, Hermann J Balestra, Cecilia Borra, Marco Biffali, Elio Casotti, Raffaella eng England 2017/03/18 Chemosphere. 2017 Jun; 177:258-265. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.031. Epub 2017 Mar 9" |
