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J Chem Ecol

Title:		"The role of semiochemicals in the avoidance of the seven-spot ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata, by the aphid parasitoid, Aphidius ervi"
Author(s):		Nakashima Y; Birkett MA; Pye BJ; Pickett JA; Powell W;
Address:		"Laboratory of Entomology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2004
Volume:		30
Issue:		6
Page Number:		1103 - 1116
DOI:		10.1023/b:joec.0000030266.81665.19
ISSN/ISBN:		0098-0331 (Print) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The role of semiochemicals in mediating intraguild interactions between the seven-spot ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata, and the aphid parasitoid, Aphidius ervi, was investigated. Female parasitoids avoided leaves visited by C. septempunctata adults and larvae during the previous 24 hr. Ethanol extracts of C. septempuntata adults and larvae also induced avoidance responses by A. ervi. Two of the hydrocarbons identified by gas chromatography (GC) and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), n-tricosane (C23H48), and n-pentacosane (C25H52), when tested individually at levels found in the adult extract, induced avoidance by A. ervi. Further investigation of the larvae extract, and footprint chemicals deposited by adults in glass Petri dishes, confirmed the presence of the hydrocarbons. Parasitism rates of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, on broad bean plants, Vicia faba, which had been sprayed with a mixture of the chemicals, were lower than those on control plants. The effect, however, was no longer evident if parasitoid foraging was delayed by 24 hr after the plants were treated. The ecological significance of intraguild avoidance behavior and implications for possible use of the semiochemicals involved in future biological control programs are discussed"
Keywords:		"Alkanes/chemistry/pharmacology Animals Aphids/*drug effects/physiology Chromatography, Gas Coleoptera/*physiology Female Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Larva/drug effects/physiology *Pest Control, Biological Pheromones/chemistry/*pharmacology Predat;"
Notes:		"MedlineNakashima, Yoshitaka Birkett, Michael A Pye, Barry J Pickett, John A Powell, Wilf eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2004/08/12 J Chem Ecol. 2004 Jun; 30(6):1103-16. doi: 10.1023/b:joec.0000030266.81665.19"