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J Insect Sci

Title:		Trapping Phyllophaga spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) in the United States and Canada using sex attractants
Author(s):		Robbins PS; Alm SR; Armstrong C; Averill AL; Baker TC; Bauernfiend RJ; Baxendale FP; Braman SK; Brandenburg RL; Cash DB; Couch GJ; Cowles RS; Crocker RL; DeLamar ZD; Dittl TG; Fitzpatrick SM; Flanders KL; Forgatsch T; Gibb TJ; Gill BD; Gilrein DO; Gorsuch CS; Hammond AM; Hastings PD; Held DW; Heller PR; Hiskes RT; Holliman JL; Hudson WG; Klein MG; Krischik VL; Lee DJ; Linn CE; Luce NJ; MacKenzie KE; Mannion CM; Polavarapu S; Potter DA; Roelofs WL; Royals BM; Salsbury GA; Schiff NM; Shetlar DJ; Skinner M; Sparks BL; Sutschek JA; Sutschek TP; Swier SR; Sylvia MM; Vickers NJ; Vittum PJ; Weidman R; Weber DC; Williamson RC; Villani MG;
Address:		"Cornell University, New York State Agriculture Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, USA. psr1@cornell.edu"
Journal Title:		J Insect Sci
Year:		2006
Volume:		6
Issue:
Page Number:		1 - 124
DOI:		10.1673/2006_06_39.1
ISSN/ISBN:		1536-2442 (Electronic) 1536-2442 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The sex pheromone of the scarab beetle, Phyllophaga anxia, is a blend of the methyl esters of two amino acids, L-valine and L-isoleucine. A field trapping study was conducted, deploying different blends of the two compounds at 59 locations in the United States and Canada. More than 57,000 males of 61 Phyllophaga species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) were captured and identified. Three major findings included: (1) widespread use of the two compounds [of the 147 Phyllophaga (sensu stricto) species found in the United States and Canada, males of nearly 40% were captured]; (2) in most species intraspecific male response to the pheromone blends was stable between years and over geography; and (3) an unusual pheromone polymorphism was described from P. anxia. Populations at some locations were captured with L-valine methyl ester alone, whereas populations at other locations were captured with L-isoleucine methyl ester alone. At additional locations, the L-valine methyl ester-responding populations and the L-isoleucine methyl ester-responding populations were both present, producing a bimodal capture curve. In southeastern Massachusetts and in Rhode Island, in the United States, P. anxia males were captured with blends of L-valine methyl ester and L-isoleucine methyl ester. La feromona sexual del escarabajo, Phyllophaga anxia, es una mezcla de los esteres metilicos de dos aminoacidos, L-valina y L-isoleucina. Se condujo un estudio de campo usando diferentes mezclas de los dos componentes en 59 sitios de Estados Unidos y Canada. Mas de 57,000 machos de 61 especies de Phyllophaga fueron capturados e identificados. Tres de los resultados mas importantes incluyen: (1) el extenso uso de los dos componentes [de las 147 especies de Phyllophaga (sensu stricto), en Estados Unidos y Canada, fueron capturados machos de cerca del 40% de ellas.]; (2) para la mayoria de las especies, la respuesta intraespecifica de los machos a las combinaciones de los dos aminoacidos fue consistente entre anos diferentes, y en todos los sitios geograficos; y (3) un inusual polymorfismo de la feromona fue descrito para P. anxia. Poblaciones de algunos sitios fueron atrapados solo con valina, mientras que poblaciones de otros sitios fueron atrapados solo con isoleucina. Tambien se encontraron sitios donde las poblaciones responden a ambos componentes, valina e isoleucina, produciendo una curva de captura bimodal. En el sureste del estado de Massachusetts y en Rhode Island, en Estados Unidos, machos de P. anxia fueron atrapados en trampas con mezclas de valina e isoleucina. eng"
Keywords:		"Animals Canada Coleoptera/*physiology Flight, Animal/physiology Insect Control/*methods Male Population Density Seasons *Sex Attractants United States;"
Notes:		"MedlineRobbins, Paul S Alm, Steven R Armstrong, Charlesd Averill, Anne L Baker, Thomas C Bauernfiend, Robert J Baxendale, Frederick P Braman, S Kris Brandenburg, Rick L Cash, Daniel B Couch, Gary J Cowles, Richard S Crocker, Robert L DeLamar, Zandra D Dittl, Timothy G Fitzpatrick, Sheila M Flanders, Kathy L Forgatsch, Tom Gibb, Timothy J Gill, Bruce D Gilrein, Daniel O Gorsuch, Clyde S Hammond, Abner M Hastings, Patricia D Held, David W Heller, Paul R Hiskes, Rose T Holliman, James L Hudson, William G Klein, Michael G Krischik, Vera L Lee, David J Linn, Charles E Jr Luce, Nancy J MacKenzie, Kenna E Mannion, Catherine M Polavarapu, Sridhar Potter, Daniel A Roelofs, Wendell L Royals, Brian M Salsbury, Glenn A Schiff, Nathan M Shetlar, David J Skinner, Margaret Sparks, Beverly L Sutschek, Jessica A Sutschek, Timothy P Swier, Stanley R Sylvia, Martha M Vickers, Neil J Vittum, Patricia J Weidman, Richard Weber, Donald C Williamson, R Chris Villani, Michael G eng 2006/01/01 J Insect Sci. 2006; 6:1-124. doi: 10.1673/2006_06_39.1"