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R Soc Open Sci

Title:		"Synergistic attraction of Western black-legged ticks, Ixodes pacificus, to CO(2) and odorant emissions from deer-associated microbes"
Author(s):		Long J; Maskell K; Gries R; Nayani S; Gooding C; Gries G;
Address:		"Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6"
Journal Title:		R Soc Open Sci
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230517
Issue:		5
Page Number:		230084 -
DOI:		10.1098/rsos.230084
ISSN/ISBN:		2054-5703 (Print) 2054-5703 (Electronic) 2054-5703 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Foraging ticks reportedly exploit diverse cues to locate their hosts. Here, we tested the hypothesis that host-seeking Western black-legged ticks, Ixodes pacificus, and black-legged ticks, I. scapularis, respond to microbes dwelling in sebaceous gland secretions of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, the ticks' preferred host. Using sterile wet cotton swabs, microbes were collected from the pelage of a sedated deer near forehead, preorbital, tarsal, metatarsal and interdigital glands. Swabs were plated on agar, and isolated microbes were identified by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Of 31 microbial isolates tested in still-air olfactometers, 10 microbes induced positive arrestment responses by ticks, whereas 10 others were deterrent. Of the 10 microbes prompting arrestment by ticks, four microbes-including Bacillus aryabhattai (isolates A4)-also attracted ticks in moving-air Y-tube olfactometers. All four of these microbes emitted carbon dioxide and ammonia as well as volatile blends with overlapping blend constituents. The headspace volatile extract (HVE) of B. aryabhattai (HVE-A4) synergistically enhanced the attraction of I. pacificus to CO(2). A synthetic blend of HVE-A4 headspace volatiles in combination with CO(2) synergistically attracted more ticks than CO(2) alone. Future research should aim to develop a least complex host volatile blend that is attractive to diverse tick taxa"
Keywords:		Ixodes pacificus Ixodes scapularis Odocoileus virginianus microbes sebaceous gland secretions semiochemicals;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINELong, Justin Maskell, Keiran Gries, Regine Nayani, Saif Gooding, Claire Gries, Gerhard eng England 2023/05/19 R Soc Open Sci. 2023 May 17; 10(5):230084. doi: 10.1098/rsos.230084. eCollection 2023 May"