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Environ Int

Title:		Impact of cigarette smoking on volatile organic compound (VOC) blood levels in the U.S. population: NHANES 2003-2004
Author(s):		Chambers DM; Ocariz JM; McGuirk MF; Blount BC;
Address:		"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States. mzz7@cdc.gov"
Journal Title:		Environ Int
Year:		2011
Volume:		20110623
Issue:		8
Page Number:		1321 - 1328
DOI:		10.1016/j.envint.2011.05.016
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6750 (Electronic) 0160-4120 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The impact of cigarette smoking on volatile organic compound (VOC) blood levels is studied using 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Cigarette smoke exposure is shown to be a predominant source of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and styrene (BTEXS) measured in blood as determined by (1) differences in central tendency and interquartile VOC blood levels between daily smokers [>/=1 cigarette per day (CPD)] and less-than-daily smokers, (2) correlation among BTEXS and the 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) smoking biomarker in the blood of daily smokers, and (3) regression modeling of BTEXS blood levels versus categorized CPD. Smoking status was determined by 2,5-DMF blood level using a cutpoint of 0.014 ng/ml estimated by regression modeling of the weighted data and confirmed with receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis. The BTEXS blood levels among daily smokers were moderately-to-strongly correlated with 2,5-DMF blood levels (correlation coefficient, r, ranging from 0.46 to 0.92). Linear regression of the geometric mean BTEXS blood levels versus categorized CPD showed clear dose-response relationship (correlation of determination, R(2), ranging from 0.81 to 0.98). Furthermore, the pattern of VOCs in blood of smokers is similar to that reported in mainstream cigarette smoke. These results show that cigarette smoking is a primary source of benzene, toluene and styrene and an important source of ethylbenzene and xylene exposure for the U.S. population, as well as the necessity of determining smoking status and factors affecting dose (e.g., CPD, time since last cigarette) in assessments involving BTEXS exposure"
Keywords:		Air Pollutants/*blood Benzene/analysis Benzene Derivatives/analysis/blood Environmental Exposure/*statistics & numerical data Humans Nutrition Surveys Smoking/*blood Styrene/analysis/blood Tobacco Smoke Pollution/*analysis/statistics & numerical data Tolu;
Notes:		"MedlineChambers, David M Ocariz, Jessica M McGuirk, Maureen F Blount, Benjamin C eng Netherlands 2011/06/28 Environ Int. 2011 Nov; 37(8):1321-8. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.05.016. Epub 2011 Jun 23"