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Aliment Pharmacol Ther

Title:		Review article: breath analysis in inflammatory bowel diseases
Author(s):		Kurada S; Alkhouri N; Fiocchi C; Dweik R; Rieder F;
Address:		"Department of Hospital Medicine, Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA"
Journal Title:		Aliment Pharmacol Ther
Year:		2015
Volume:		20141219
Issue:		4
Page Number:		329 - 341
DOI:		10.1111/apt.13050
ISSN/ISBN:		1365-2036 (Electronic) 0269-2813 (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUND: There is an urgent need for cheap, reproducible, easy to perform and specific biomarkers for diagnosis, differentiation and stratification of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Technical advances allow for the determination of volatile organic compounds in the human breath to differentiate between health and disease. AIM: Review and discuss medical literature on volatile organic compounds in exhaled human breath in GI disorders, focusing on diagnosis and differentiation of IBD. METHODS: A systematic search in PubMed, Ovid Medline and Scopus was completed using appropriate keywords. In addition, a bibliography search of each article was performed. RESULTS: Mean breath pentane, ethane, propane, 1-octene, 3-methylhexane, 1-decene and NO levels were elevated (P < 0.05 to P < 10(-7)) and mean breath 1-nonene, (E)-2-nonene, hydrogen sulphide and methane were decreased in IBD compared to healthy controls (P = 0.003 to P < 0.001). A combined panel of 3 volatile organic compounds (octene, (E)-2-nonene and decene) showed the best discrimination between paediatric IBD and controls (AUC 0.96). Breath condensate cytokines were higher in IBD compared to healthy individuals (P < 0.008). Breath pentane, ethane, propane, isoprene and NO levels correlated with disease activity in IBD patients. Breath condensate interleukin-1beta showed an inverse relation with clinical disease activity. CONCLUSIONS: Breath analysis in IBD is a promising approach that is not yet ready for routine clinical use, but data from other gastrointestinal diseases suggest the feasibility for use of this technology in clinical practice. Well-designed future trials, incorporating the latest breath detection techniques, need to determine the exact breath metabolome pattern linked to diagnosis and phenotype of IBD"
Keywords:		"Aged Biomarkers Breath Tests/*methods Child Child, Preschool Cytokines/analysis Diet Female Health Status Indicators Humans Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/classification/*diagnosis/*physiopathology Liver/metabolism Male *Metabolome Middle Aged Volatile Organ;"
Notes:		"MedlineKurada, S Alkhouri, N Fiocchi, C Dweik, R Rieder, F eng DK050984/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ DK083251/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ HL081064/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ HL095181/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ HL107147/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ RR026231/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review England 2014/12/20 Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Feb; 41(4):329-41. doi: 10.1111/apt.13050. Epub 2014 Dec 19"