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AAPS PharmSci

Title:		Relationship between pharmacokinetics and hemodynamic effects of inhaled isobutyl nitrite in conscious rats
Author(s):		Kielbasa W; Fung HL;
Address:		"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA"
Journal Title:		AAPS PharmSci
Year:		2000
Volume:		2
Issue:		2
Page Number:		E11 -
DOI:		10.1208/ps020211
ISSN/ISBN:		1522-1059 (Electronic) 1522-1059 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Our objective was to examine the pharmacokinetic/hemodynamic properties of inhaled isobutyl nitrite (ISBN) in rats. ISBN is one of the volatile organic nitrites that has been used primarily as a drug of abuse. Recent studies indicate, however, that these compounds may be superior to organic nitrates for cardiovascular use because they do not produce vascular tolerance. Rats inhaled ISBN over an exposure range of 20 to 1200 ppm for 1 hour. The effects of ISBN on blood pressure and heart rate were determined and blood concentrations of ISBN were analyzed with use of gas chromatography. Apparent steady-state blood levels of ISBN were achieved during inhalation and were linear with exposure concentration (blood concentration: 0.05 to 3.5 microM; exposure concentration: 23 to 1177 ppm; r2= 0.92). Inhaled ISBN caused rapid, dose-dependent, and parallel reductions in systolic and diastolic pressure, while heart rate increased maximally to 22%. A sigmoid Emax model could describe the mean arterial pressure effect of inhaled ISBN (Emax= 55%; EC50= 0.51 microM). After inhalation, blood pressure and heart rate quickly returned to baseline, without any withdrawal rebound effect. Inhaled ISBN produced a rapid onset of action on heart rate and blood pressure, and these effects were sustained over 60 minutes of exposure. Abrupt drug withdrawal did not lead to hemodynamic rebound. The blood pressure effects were related to ISBN blood concentration by the sigmoid Emax model. These results provide new information on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of a representative nitrite inhalant"
Keywords:		"Administration, Inhalation Animals Blood Pressure/drug effects Heart Rate/drug effects Hemodynamics/*drug effects Male Nitrites/administration & dosage/*pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Vasodilator Agents/administration & dosage/*p;"
Notes:		"MedlineKielbasa, W Fung, H L eng 22273/PHS HHS/ Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 2001/12/14 AAPS PharmSci. 2000; 2(2):E11. doi: 10.1208/ps020211"