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J Chem Ecol

Title:		Rapid Induction of Multiple Terpenoid Groups by Ponderosa Pine in Response to Bark Beetle-Associated Fungi
Author(s):		Keefover-Ring K; Trowbridge A; Mason CJ; Raffa KF;
Address:		"Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. ken.keefoverring@wisc.edu. Department of Land Resources & Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, 334 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA. Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. Third Street, Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA. Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2016
Volume:		20151211
Issue:		1
Page Number:		1 - 12
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-015-0659-6
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) is a major and widely distributed component of conifer biomes in western North America and provides substantial ecological and economic benefits. This tree is exposed to several tree-killing bark beetle-microbial complexes, including the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and the phytopathogenic fungus Grosmannia clavigera that it vectors, which are among the most important. Induced responses play a crucial role in conifer defenses, yet these have not been reported in ponderosa pine. We compared concentrations of terpenes and a phenylpropanoid, two phytochemical classes with strong effects against bark beetles and their symbionts, in constitutive phloem tissue and in tissue following mechanical wounding or simulated D. ponderosae attack (mechanical wounding plus inoculation with G. clavigera). We also tested whether potential induced responses were localized or systemic. Ponderosa pines showed pronounced induced defenses to inoculation, increasing their total phloem concentrations of monoterpenes 22.3-fold, sesquiterpenes 56.7-fold, and diterpenes 34.8-fold within 17 days. In contrast, responses to mechanical wounding alone were only 5.2, 11.3, and 7.7-fold, respectively. Likewise, the phenylpropanoid estragole (4-allyanisole) rose to 19.1-fold constitutive levels after simulated attack but only 4.4-fold after mechanical wounding. Overall, we found no evidence of systemic induction after 17 days, which spans most of this herbivore's narrow peak attack period, as significant quantitative and compositional changes within and between terpenoid groups were localized to the wound site. Implications to the less frequent exploitation of ponderosa than lodgepole pine by D. ponderosae, and potential advantages of rapid localized over long-term systemic responses in this system, are discussed"
Keywords:		"Animals Chromatography, Gas Coleoptera/*microbiology Diterpenes/analysis Monoterpenes/analysis Ophiostomatales/isolation & purification/*physiology Pinus ponderosa/chemistry/*metabolism/*microbiology Resins, Synthetic/chemistry Sesquiterpenes/analysis Ter;"
Notes:		"MedlineKeefover-Ring, Ken Trowbridge, Amy Mason, Charles J Raffa, Kenneth F eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2015/12/15 J Chem Ecol. 2016 Jan; 42(1):1-12. doi: 10.1007/s10886-015-0659-6. Epub 2015 Dec 11"