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Chemosphere

Title:		Spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dust and soils from informal trade sites in southern Nigeria: Implications for risk and source analysis
Author(s):		Iwegbue CMA; Ogbuta AA; Tesi GO; Ossai CJ; Olisah C; Nwajei GE; Martincigh BS;
Address:		"Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria. Electronic address: maxipriestley@yahoo.com. Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria. Department of Botany and Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa. School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa"
Journal Title:		Chemosphere
Year:		2023
Volume:		20221222
Issue:
Page Number:		137624 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137624
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1298 (Electronic) 0045-6535 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of semi-volatile and persistent organic compounds considered priority pollutants because of their pervasive nature and high toxicity to the ecosystem and humans. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the PAH concentrations in dust and soils around informal trade sites (ITS) in Nigeria to determine the level of risk, sources, and significance of these activities to the PAH load of the environment. The 16 US EPA PAHs in dust and soils from ITS were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The PAH concentrations in dust from these informal trade sites varied from 120 to 8790, 56 to 4780, and 102-1090 mug kg(-1) for automobile mechanic workshops (AMW), car dismantling (CDS), and material recovery sites (MRS), respectively, whereas those of soils ranged from 3000 to 95,500, 554 to 14,700, and 966-25,200 mug kg(-1) for AMW, CDS, and MRS respectively. The PAH profiles indicated that 3- to 5-ring PAHs were prominent in dust and soils around the ITS. The concentrations of the US EPA 16 PAHs in dust and soils from these ITS showed no correlation with organic matter, while the concentrations of PAH homologues in soils of these ITS showed no correlation with those of dust. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values in the magnitude of 10(-4) to 10(1) were obtained for adult and childhood exposure to PAHs in dust and soils from these ITS. Exposure to PAHs in dust from these ITS gives rise to less risk than for soils. The results indicated that automobile mechanic workshops contribute more PAHs to the environment than car dismantling and material recovery activities. The source analysis showed that the PAH contamination of these sites arises from burning of biomass, plastic materials, and oils, and emissions from vehicles"
Keywords:		Adult Humans Child Soil/chemistry *Soil Pollutants/analysis Ecosystem *Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis Dust/analysis Nigeria Risk Assessment Environmental Monitoring/methods China Dust Exposure risk Informal trade sites PAHs Soil Sources;
Notes:		"MedlineIwegbue, Chukwujindu M A Ogbuta, Anthony A Tesi, Godswill O Ossai, Chinedu J Olisah, Chijioke Nwajei, Godwin E Martincigh, Bice S eng England 2022/12/26 Chemosphere. 2023 Feb; 315:137624. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137624. Epub 2022 Dec 22"