| Title: | The toxicological analysis of secondary organic aerosol in human lung epithelial cells and macrophages |
| Author(s): | Ito T; Bekki K; Fujitani Y; Hirano S; |
| Address: | "Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan. itotomo@nies.go.jp. Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan" |
| Journal Title: | Environ Sci Pollut Res Int |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s11356-019-05317-5 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1614-7499 (Electronic) 0944-1344 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a component of airborne particulate matter in urban areas. However, their toxicities remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the oxidative and inflammatory potency of SOA derived from three different volatile organic compounds (alpha-pinene, m-xylene, and trimethylbenzene) using human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and macrophages (U937). In BEAS-2B cells, all types of SOA extracts increased the expression of the heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and interleukin-8 (IL8) genes, a typical marker for oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, respectively. Among the three types of SOA, m-xylene-derived SOA showed the strongest induction of the HMOX1 and IL8 genes, and transcriptional activity via the antioxidant response element (ARE). A causal candidate for SOA induction of oxidative stress is 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ) because only this quinone compound increased the transcriptional activity via ARE among components tested in this study. Similar to the case of BEAS-2B cells, SOA extracts increased the expression of HMOX1 and IL8 genes in U937 cells, mainly through oxidative stress, but these responses in U937 cells were prolonged when compared with BEAS-2B cells. Together, these results show that SOA affects lung epithelial cells and macrophages mainly through oxidative stress and inflammation, suggesting their contribution to the development of respiratory diseases" |
| Keywords: | Aerosols/analysis/*toxicity Air Pollutants/analysis/*toxicity Bicyclic Monoterpenes Epithelial Cells/drug effects Humans Lung/drug effects Macrophages Monoterpenes Oxidation-Reduction Oxidative Stress Particulate Matter/analysis Toxicity Tests Volatile Or; |
| Notes: | "MedlineIto, Tomohiro Bekki, Kanae Fujitani, Yuji Hirano, Seishiro eng Germany 2019/06/07 Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Aug; 26(22):22747-22755. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05317-5. Epub 2019 Jun 6" |
