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Front Syst Neurosci

Title:		Perception of Social Odor and Gender-Related Differences Investigated Through the Use of Transfer Entropy and Embodied Medium
Author(s):		Invitto S; Keshmiri S; Mazzatenta A; Grasso A; Romano D; Bona F; Shiomi M; Sumioka H; Ishiguro H;
Address:		"INSPIRE-Laboratory of Cognitive and Psychophysiological Olfactory Processes, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy. The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan. Neurophysiology, Olfaction and Chemoreception Laboratory, Physiology and Physiopathology Section, Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences Department, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. Department of Psychology and NeuroMi, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy. Interaction Science Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan. Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan. Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan"
Journal Title:		Front Syst Neurosci
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210611
Issue:
Page Number:		650528 -
DOI:		10.3389/fnsys.2021.650528
ISSN/ISBN:		1662-5137 (Print) 1662-5137 (Electronic) 1662-5137 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The perception of putative pheromones or social odors (PPSO) in humans is a widely debated topic because the published results seem ambiguous. Our research aimed to evaluate how cross-modal processing of PPSO and gender voice can affect the behavioral and psychophysiological states of the subject during a listening task with a bodily contact medium, and how these effects could be gender related. Before the experimental session, three embodied media, were exposed to volatilized estratetraenol (Estr), 5alpha-androst-16-en-3 alpha-ol (Andr), and Vaseline oil. The experimental session consisted in listening to a story that were transmitted, with a male or female voice, by the communicative medium via a Bluetooth system during a listening task, recorded through 64-active channel electroencephalography (EEG). The sense of co-presence and social presence, elicited by the medium, showed how the established relationship with the medium was gender dependent and modulated by the PPSO. In particular, Andr induced greater responses related to co-presence. The gender of the participants was related to the co-presence desire, where women imagined higher medium co-presence than men. EEG findings seemed to be more responsive to the PPSO-gender voice interaction, than behavioral results. The mismatch between female PPSO and male voice elicited the greatest cortical flow of information. In the case of the Andr-male voice condition, the trained model appeared to assign more relevance to the flow of information to the right frontotemporal regions (involved in odor recognition memory and social behavior). The Estr-male voice condition showed activation of the bilateral frontoparietal network, which is linked to cognitive control, cognitive flexibility, and auditory consciousness. The model appears to distinguish the dissonance condition linked to Andr matched with a female voice: it highlights a flow of information to the right occipital lobe and to the frontal pole. The PPSO could influence the co-presence judgements and EEG response. The results seem suggest that could be an implicit pattern linked to PPSO-related gender differences and gender voice"
Keywords:		embodied medium gender differences gender voice social odor transfer entropy;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEInvitto, Sara Keshmiri, Soheil Mazzatenta, Andrea Grasso, Alberto Romano, Daniele Bona, Fabio Shiomi, Masahiro Sumioka, Hidenobu Ishiguro, Hiroshi eng Switzerland 2021/06/29 Front Syst Neurosci. 2021 Jun 11; 15:650528. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.650528. eCollection 2021"