| Title: | Volatile organic compounds emission in the rubber products manufacturing processes |
| Author(s): | Huang H; Wang Z; Dai C; Guo J; Zhang X; |
| Address: | "Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. Electronic address: wangzhw@rcees.ac.cn. Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 430106, China. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113485 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1096-0953 (Electronic) 0013-9351 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission from rubber products manufacture processes, mixing, shaping and vulcanization were investigated in four rubber products factories in China. The source emission air was passively sampled by pre-vacuumized stainless steel canister and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-flame ionization detection (GC/MS-FID). The species profile of 107 VOCs in the emission processes were obtained. We calculated the photochemical ozone formation potential (OFP) and carcinogenic risk (CR) of the VOCs for each manufacture process. The results showed that mixing process mainly released dichloromethane (14.53%), carbon disulfide (CS(2)) (6.88%), styrene (5.72%), 4-methyl-2-pentanone (5.22%) and naphthalene (3.69%) for solvents used and raw rubber degradation in the process. The C6-C8 alkanes, especially heptane and isomers of heptane (44.71%), were dominated in shaping process. The major species released from vulcanization process were carbon disulfide (29.72%), naphthalene (8.17%), acetone (7.73%) and dichloromethane (4.26%). VOCs emitted from vulcanization process had the highest OFP, which contributed by naphthalene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene and carbon disulfide. VOCs emission from mixing process had the highest CR, and 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,2-dichlorethane and 1,3-butadiene were the main contributors to CR. We also estimated the total VOCs emissions into the atmosphere from tires manufacturing in China, which were 7.58 x 10(5) t in 2018 and contributed about 9% of total industry processes VOCs emissions" |
| Keywords: | *Air Pollutants/analysis *Carbon Disulfide China Environmental Monitoring Heptanes Methylene Chloride Naphthalenes *Ozone/analysis Rubber *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Emission Occupational exposure Rubber products manufacture Volatile organic comp; |
| Notes: | "MedlineHuang, Haimei Wang, Zhangwei Dai, Chunhao Guo, Jia Zhang, Xiaoshan eng Netherlands 2022/05/17 Environ Res. 2022 Sep; 212(Pt C):113485. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113485. Epub 2022 May 13" |
