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J Insect Physiol

Title:		Shared weapons of blood- and plant-feeding insects: Surprising commonalities for manipulating hosts
Author(s):		Guiguet A; Dubreuil G; Harris MO; Appel HM; Schultz JC; Pereira MH; Giron D;
Address:		"Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS - Universite Francois-Rabelais de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; Departement de Biologie, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France. Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS - Universite Francois-Rabelais de Tours, 37200 Tours, France. Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA; Le Studium Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, 45000 Orleans, France. Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. Le Studium Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, 45000 Orleans, France; Laboratorio de Fisiologia de Insectos Hematofagos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS - Universite Francois-Rabelais de Tours, 37200 Tours, France. Electronic address: david.giron@univ-tours.fr"
Journal Title:		J Insect Physiol
Year:		2016
Volume:		20151217
Issue:
Page Number:		4 - 21
DOI:		10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.12.006
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1611 (Electronic) 0022-1910 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Insects that reprogram host plants during colonization remind us that the insect side of plant-insect story is just as interesting as the plant side. Insect effectors secreted by the salivary glands play an important role in plant reprogramming. Recent discoveries point to large numbers of salivary effectors being produced by a single herbivore species. Since genetic and functional characterization of effectors is an arduous task, narrowing the field of candidates is useful. We present ideas about types and functions of effectors from research on blood-feeding parasites and their mammalian hosts. Because of their importance for human health, blood-feeding parasites have more tools from genomics and other - omics than plant-feeding parasites. Four themes have emerged: (1) mechanical damage resulting from attack by blood-feeding parasites triggers 'early danger signals' in mammalian hosts, which are mediated by eATP, calcium, and hydrogen peroxide, (2) mammalian hosts need to modulate their immune responses to the three 'early danger signals' and use apyrases, calreticulins, and peroxiredoxins, respectively, to achieve this, (3) blood-feeding parasites, like their mammalian hosts, rely on some of the same 'early danger signals' and modulate their immune responses using the same proteins, and (4) blood-feeding parasites deploy apyrases, calreticulins, and peroxiredoxins in their saliva to manipulate the 'danger signals' of their mammalian hosts. We review emerging evidence that plant-feeding insects also interfere with 'early danger signals' of their hosts by deploying apyrases, calreticulins and peroxiredoxins in saliva. Given emerging links between these molecules, and plant growth and defense, we propose that these effectors interfere with phytohormone signaling, and therefore have a special importance for gall-inducing and leaf-mining insects, which manipulate host-plants to create better food and shelter"
Keywords:		Animals Apyrase/metabolism Blood Calreticulin/metabolism *Feeding Behavior Host-Parasite Interactions Humans Insecta/*physiology Peroxiredoxins/metabolism Plant Diseases/parasitology Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism Plant Immunity Plants/immunology/*par;
Notes:		"MedlineGuiguet, Antoine Dubreuil, Geraldine Harris, Marion O Appel, Heidi M Schultz, Jack C Pereira, Marcos H Giron, David eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review England 2015/12/27 J Insect Physiol. 2016 Jan; 84:4-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.12.006. Epub 2015 Dec 17"