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J Food Sci Technol

Title:		Separation of tocol (tocopherol & tocotrienol) and phytosterols from palm fatty acid distillate by saponification and purification by low temperature solvent crystallization
Author(s):		Gore AJ; Bhagwat SS;
Address:		"Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019 India. GRID: grid.44871.3e. ISNI: 0000 0001 0668 0201"
Journal Title:		J Food Sci Technol
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220312
Issue:		8
Page Number:		2962 - 2971
DOI:		10.1007/s13197-022-05402-7
ISSN/ISBN:		0022-1155 (Print) 0975-8402 (Electronic) 0022-1155 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The tocotrienols (T3) are the vitamin E family members with excellent antioxidant properties and prevent autocatalytic lipid peroxidation. Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a volatile organic material obtained during palm oil refining and consists of tocol (alpha-tocopherol/T, alpha, gamma, beta, and delta- tocotrienol/T3) up to 0.8% and represents a potential source for recovering these valuable compounds. Various methods have been studied to extract vitamin E; however, only a few are commercially available. To fulfil the need for technology for recovering these minor components, leaching the tocotrienol from solidified PFAD was carried out. In this study, the fatty acid of PFAD was saponified using NaHCO(3)/Ca(OH)(2) and extracted the unsaponifiable fraction using solvent. Further, fraction was purified by low temperature solvent based crystallization using hexane at 5 +/- 1.0 degrees C for 24 h and removed sterol. The best determined parameters like reaction time (30 min), the ratio of PFAD to Ca(OH)(2) (1,w/w), reaction temperature (30 degrees C) and stirring speed 300 rpm were yielded up to 98.6% fatty acid conversion to calcium soap and extraction with hexane obtained higher concentration of tocol (28.1%). The sterol separated from the tocol rich fraction by low temperature solvent crystallization contains up to 37.1% of phytosterol (beta-sitosterol) concentration. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05402-7"
Keywords:		Calcium soap Extraction Palm fatty acid distillate Palm oil Tocotrienol;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEGore, Amol Jayavant Bhagwat, Sunil Subhash eng India 2022/07/26 J Food Sci Technol. 2022 Aug; 59(8):2962-2971. doi: 10.1007/s13197-022-05402-7. Epub 2022 Mar 12"