| Title: | Orientation of Cell Polarity by Chemical Gradients |
| Author(s): | Ghose D; Elston T; Lew D; |
| Address: | "Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; email: daniel.lew@duke.edu. Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA" |
| DOI: | 10.1146/annurev-biophys-110821-071250 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1936-1238 (Electronic) 1936-122X (Print) 1936-122X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Accurate decoding of spatial chemical landscapes is critical for many cell functions. Eukaryotic cells decode local chemical gradients to orient growth or movement in productive directions. Recent work on yeast model systems, whose gradient sensing pathways display much less complexity than those in animal cells, has suggested new paradigms for how these very small cells successfully exploit information in noisy and dynamic pheromone gradients to identify their mates. Pheromone receptors regulate a polarity circuit centered on the conserved Rho-family GTPase, Cdc42. The polarity circuit contains both positive and negative feedback pathways, allowing spontaneous symmetry breaking and also polarity site disassembly and relocation. Cdc42 orients the actin cytoskeleton, leading to focused vesicle traffic that promotes movement of the polarity site and also reshapes the cortical distribution of receptors at the cell surface. In this article, we review the advances from work on yeasts and compare them with the excitable signaling pathways that have been revealed in chemotactic animal cells" |
| Keywords: | Actin Cytoskeleton Cell Membrane/metabolism *Cell Polarity/physiology *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Signal Transduction Cdc42 chemotaxis chemotropism; |
| Notes: | "MedlineGhose, Debraj Elston, Timothy Lew, Daniel eng R35 GM122488/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ R35 GM127145/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Review 2022/02/08 Annu Rev Biophys. 2022 May 9; 51:431-451. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-110821-071250. Epub 2022 Feb 7" |
