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ACS Nano

Title:		Machine Learning-Based Rapid Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in a Graphene Electronic Nose
Author(s):		Capman NSS; Zhen XV; Nelson JT; Chaganti V; Finc RC; Lyden MJ; Williams TL; Freking M; Sherwood GJ; Buhlmann P; Hogan CJ; Koester SJ;
Address:		"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States. Boston Scientific, 4100 Hamline Avenue North, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, United States. Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States"
Journal Title:		ACS Nano
Year:		2022
Volume:		20221111
Issue:		11
Page Number:		19567 - 19583
DOI:		10.1021/acsnano.2c10240
ISSN/ISBN:		1936-086X (Electronic) 1936-0851 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Rapid detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is growing in importance in many sectors. Noninvasive medical diagnoses may be based upon particular combinations of VOCs in human breath; detecting VOCs emitted from environmental hazards such as fungal growth could prevent illness; and waste could be reduced through monitoring of gases produced during food storage. Electronic noses have been applied to such problems, however, a common limitation is in improving selectivity. Graphene is an adaptable material that can be functionalized with many chemical receptors. Here, we use this versatility to demonstrate selective and rapid detection of multiple VOCs at varying concentrations with graphene-based variable capacitor (varactor) arrays. Each array contains 108 sensors functionalized with 36 chemical receptors for cross-selectivity. Multiplexer data acquisition from 108 sensors is accomplished in tens of seconds. While this rapid measurement reduces the signal magnitude, classification using supervised machine learning (Bootstrap Aggregated Random Forest) shows excellent results of 98% accuracy between 5 analytes (ethanol, hexanal, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, and octane) at 4 concentrations each. With the addition of 1-octene, an analyte highly similar in structure to octane, an accuracy of 89% is achieved. These results demonstrate the important role of the choice of analysis method, particularly in the presence of noisy data. This is an important step toward fully utilizing graphene-based sensor arrays for rapid gas sensing applications from environmental monitoring to disease detection in human breath"
Keywords:		Humans Electronic Nose *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis *Graphite Octanes Gases Machine Learning gas sensor graphene surface functionalization volatile organic compound;
Notes:		"MedlineCapman, Nyssa S S Zhen, Xue V Nelson, Justin T Chaganti, V R Saran Kumar Finc, Raia C Lyden, Michael J Williams, Thomas L Freking, Mike Sherwood, Gregory J Buhlmann, Philippe Hogan, Christopher J Koester, Steven J eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2022/11/12 ACS Nano. 2022 Nov 22; 16(11):19567-19583. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10240. Epub 2022 Nov 11"