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Environ Pollut

Title:		"Reproductive and developmental changes in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) are influenced by multiple stressors, including polycyclic aromatic compounds, in the Athabasca Oil Sands"
Author(s):		Fernie KJ; Marteinson SC; Soos C; Chen D; Cruz-Martinez L; Smits JEG;
Address:		"Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, L7R 1A2, Canada. Electronic address: kim.fernie@canada.ca. Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, L7R 1A2, Canada. Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 115 Perimeter Rd, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X4, Canada. School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China. Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies; Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada. Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada"
Journal Title:		Environ Pollut
Year:		2018
Volume:		20180423
Issue:
Page Number:		931 - 941
DOI:		10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.074
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6424 (Electronic) 0269-7491 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Mining in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) has contributed extensively to increased exposure of wildlife to naturally occurring polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), yet little is known about the toxicity of PACs to wildlife in this region. We identified reproductive and developmental changes in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) breeding in close proximity to mining-related activities in the AOSR, and determined these changes in relation to the birds' exposure and accumulation of 41?ª+PACs (parent-, alkylated-PAHs), dibenzothiophenes (DBTs; previously published), diet (carbon (delta(13)C), nitrogen (delta(15)N)), volatile organic compounds, and weather variables. Tree swallow pairs (N?ª+=?ª+43) were compared among mining-related (OS1, OS2) and reference (REF1, REF2) sites. At OS2, clutch initiation was slightly advanced (2012) but reproductive success (65%) was much lower than at the other sites (>/= 79%). Fledgling production by each pair was influenced by the timing of clutch initiation (years combined); in a highly inclement brood rearing period (2013), additional influences included the nestlings' exposure to SigmaDBTs, accumulation of C1-naphthalene, the trophic position of the prey in their diet (delta(15)N), and record-breaking rainfall. Nestlings at OS2 were significantly lighter at day (d) 9 and d14, and in poorer body condition (d9). Nestling body mass was influenced by multiple stressors that varied by site: mass of younger nestlings (d9) was related to dietary source (delta(13)C; e.g., wetlands, terrestrial fields), exposure and/or accumulation of C1-phenanthrenes, C2-fluorenes, Sigmaalkyl-PAHs and SigmaDBTs, while for older nestlings (d14), body mass was related to sex, hatch date and/or rainfall during brood rearing. The swallows' exposure and accumulation of parent-PACs, alkyl-PACs and DBTs, the timing of hatching, their diet and exposure to highly inclement rains, contributed to their reproductive and developmental changes"
Keywords:		Animals *Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollutants/analysis/metabolism/*toxicity Mining *Oil and Gas Fields Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis/metabolism/*toxicity Polycyclic Compounds Reproduction/*drug effects Swallows/*physiology Wetland;
Notes:		"MedlineFernie, K J Marteinson, S C Soos, C Chen, D Cruz-Martinez, L Smits, J E G eng England 2018/04/24 Environ Pollut. 2018 Jul; 238:931-941. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.074. Epub 2018 Apr 23"