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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev

Title:		Opiate and Tobacco Use and Exposure to Carcinogens and Toxicants in the Golestan Cohort Study
Author(s):		Etemadi A; Poustchi H; Calafat AM; Blount BC; De Jesus VR; Wang L; Pourshams A; Shakeri R; Inoue-Choi M; Shiels MS; Roshandel G; Murphy G; Sosnoff CS; Bhandari D; Feng J; Xia B; Wang Y; Meng L; Kamangar F; Brennan P; Boffetta P; Dawsey SM; Abnet CC; Malekzadeh R; Freedman ND;
Address:		"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. arash.etemadi@nih.gov malek@tums.ac.ir. Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Liver and Pancreaticobilliary Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. arash.etemadi@nih.gov malek@tums.ac.ir"
Journal Title:		Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200108
Issue:		3
Page Number:		650 - 658
DOI:		10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1212
ISSN/ISBN:		1538-7755 (Electronic) 1055-9965 (Print) 1055-9965 (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUND: There is little information on human exposure to carcinogens and other toxicants related to opiate use, alone or in combination with tobacco. METHODS: Among male participants of the Golestan Cohort Study in Northeast Iran, we studied 28 never users of either opiates or tobacco, 33 exclusive cigarette smokers, 23 exclusive users of smoked opiates, and 30 opiate users who also smoked cigarettes (dual users; 21 smoked opiates and 9 ingested them). We quantified urinary concentrations of 39 exposure biomarkers, including tobacco alkaloids, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and volatile organic compounds (VOC), and used decomposition to parse out the share of the biomarker concentrations explained by opiate use and nicotine dose. RESULTS: Dual users had the highest concentrations of all biomarkers, but exclusive cigarette smokers and exclusive opiate users had substantially higher concentrations of PAH and VOC biomarkers than never users of either product. Decomposition analysis showed that opiate use contributed a larger part of the PAH concentrations than nicotine dose, and the sum of 2- and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene ( summation operator(2,3)-phe) resulted almost completely from opiate use. Concentrations of most VOC biomarkers were explained by both nicotine dose and opiate use. Two acrylamide metabolites, a 1,3-butadiene metabolite and a dimethylformamide metabolite, were more strongly explained by opiate use. Acrylamide metabolites and summation operator(2,3)-phe were significantly higher in opiate smokers than opiate eaters; other biomarkers did not vary by the route of opiate intake. CONCLUSIONS: Both cigarette smokers and opiate users (by smoking or ingestion) were exposed to many toxicants and carcinogens. IMPACT: This high exposure, particularly among dual opiate and cigarette users, can have a substantial global public health impact"
Keywords:		"Administration, Oral Adult Biomarkers/urine Carcinogens/*analysis/toxicity Cigarette Smoking/*adverse effects/urine Cohort Studies Humans Iran Male Middle Aged Opiate Alkaloids/administration & dosage/*toxicity Smoking, Non-Tobacco Products/*adverse effec;"
Notes:		"MedlineEtemadi, Arash Poustchi, Hossein Calafat, Antonia M Blount, Benjamin C De Jesus, Victor R Wang, Lanqing Pourshams, Akram Shakeri, Ramin Inoue-Choi, Maki Shiels, Meredith S Roshandel, Gholamreza Murphy, Gwen Sosnoff, Connie S Bhandari, Deepak Feng, Jun Xia, Baoyun Wang, Yuesong Meng, Lei Kamangar, Farin Brennan, Paul Boffetta, Paolo Dawsey, Sanford M Abnet, Christian C Malekzadeh, Reza Freedman, Neal D eng Z99 CA999999/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHS/ C20/A5860/CRUK_/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 2020/01/10 Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2020 Mar; 29(3):650-658. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1212. Epub 2020 Jan 8"