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Endocrinology

Title:		Protein Restriction During the Last Third of Pregnancy Malprograms the Neuroendocrine Axes to Induce Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Male Rat Offspring
Author(s):		de Oliveira JC; Gomes RM; Miranda RA; Barella LF; Malta A; Martins IP; Franco CC; Pavanello A; Torrezan R; Natali MR; Lisboa PC; Mathias PC; de Moura EG;
Address:		"Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics (J.C.deO., R.M.G., R.A.M., L.F.B., A.M., I.P.M., C.C.S.F., A.P., P.C.F.M.), State University of Maringa, Maringa, 87020-900, PR, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (J.C.deO., P.C.L., E.G.deM.), Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Health Sciences (J.C.deO.), Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, 78557-267, MT, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.M.G., R.T.), State University of Maringa, Maringa, 87020-900, PR, Brazil; Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (L.F.B.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Department of Morphological Sciences (M.R.M.N.), State University of Maringa, Maringa, 87020-900, PR, Brazil"
Journal Title:		Endocrinology
Year:		2016
Volume:		20160323
Issue:		5
Page Number:		1799 - 1812
DOI:		10.1210/en.2015-1883
ISSN/ISBN:		1945-7170 (Electronic) 0013-7227 (Print) 0013-7227 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Metabolic malprogramming has been associated with low birth weight; however, the interplay between insulin secretion disruption and adrenal function upon lipid metabolism is unclear in adult offspring from protein-malnourished mothers during the last third of gestation. Thus, we aimed to study the effects of a maternal low-protein diet during the last third of pregnancy on adult offspring metabolism, including pancreatic islet function and morphophysiological aspects of the liver, adrenal gland, white adipose tissue, and pancreas. Virgin female Wistar rats (age 70 d) were mated and fed a protein-restricted diet (4%, intrauterine protein restricted [IUPR]) from day 14 of pregnancy until delivery, whereas control dams were fed a 20.5% protein diet. At age 91 d, their body composition, glucose-insulin homeostasis, ACTH, corticosterone, leptin, adiponectin, lipid profile, pancreatic islet function and liver, adrenal gland, and pancreas morphology were assessed. The birth weights of the IUPR rats were 20% lower than the control rats (P < .001). Adult IUPR rats were heavier, hyperphagic, hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic, hyperleptinemic, and hypercorticosteronemic (P < .05) with higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin, ACTH, and insulin sensitivity index levels (P < .01). The insulinotropic action of glucose and acetylcholine as well as muscarinic and adrenergic receptor function were impaired in the IUPR rats (P < .05). Maternal undernutrition during the last third of gestation disrupts the pancreatic islet insulinotropic response and induces obesity-associated complications. Such alterations lead to a high risk of metabolic syndrome, characterized by insulin resistance, visceral obesity, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol"
Keywords:		"Adrenal Glands/metabolism/pathology Animals Blood Glucose/metabolism Body Weight/physiology Cholesterol/blood *Diet, Protein-Restricted Eating/physiology Female Insulin/blood Insulin Resistance/*physiology Leptin/blood Male Maternal Nutritional Physiologi;"
Notes:		"Medlinede Oliveira, Julio Cezar Gomes, Rodrigo Mello Miranda, Rosiane Aparecida Barella, Luiz Felipe Malta, Ananda Martins, Isabela Peixoto Franco, Claudineia Conationi da Silva Pavanello, Audrei Torrezan, Rosana Natali, Maria Raquel Marcal Lisboa, Patricia Cristina Mathias, Paulo Cezar de Freitas de Moura, Egberto Gaspar eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2016/03/24 Endocrinology. 2016 May; 157(5):1799-812. doi: 10.1210/en.2015-1883. Epub 2016 Mar 23"