| Title: | Unreported VOC Emissions from Road Transport Including from Electric Vehicles |
| Author(s): | Cliff SJ; Lewis AC; Shaw MD; Lee JD; Flynn M; Andrews SJ; Hopkins JR; Purvis RM; Yeoman AM; |
| Address: | "Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom. National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Print) 0013-936X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "There are widespread policy assumptions that the phase-out of gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines will over time lead to much reduced emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from road transport and related fuels. However, the use of real-world emissions measurements from a new mobile air quality monitoring station demonstrated a large underestimation of alcohol-based species in road transport emissions inventories. Scaling of industry sales statistics enabled the discrepancy to be attributed to the use of ancillary solvent products such as screenwash and deicer which are not included in internationally applied vehicle emission methodologies. A fleet average nonfuel nonexhaust VOC emission factor of 58 +/- 39 mg veh(-1) km(-1) was calculated for the missing source, which is greater than the total of all VOCs emitted from vehicle exhausts and their associated evaporative fuel losses. These emissions are independent of the vehicle energy/propulsion system and therefore applicable to all road vehicle types including those with battery-electric powertrains. In contrast to predictions, vehicle VOC emissions may actually increase given a predicted growth in total vehicle kilometers driven in a future electrified fleet and will undergo a complete VOC respeciation due to the source change" |
| Keywords: | *Air Pollutants/analysis *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Vehicle Emissions/analysis *Air Pollution/analysis Gasoline/analysis air pollution ethanol screenwash urban atmosphere volatile chemical products; |
| Notes: | "MedlineCliff, Samuel J Lewis, Alastair C Shaw, Marvin D Lee, James D Flynn, Michael Andrews, Stephen J Hopkins, James R Purvis, Ruth M Yeoman, Amber M eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2023/05/16 Environ Sci Technol. 2023 May 30; 57(21):8026-8034. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00845. Epub 2023 May 16" |
