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J Environ Sci Health B

Title:		Reducing ammonia emissions and volatile fatty acids in poultry litter with liquid aluminum chloride
Author(s):		Choi IH; Choi JH; Ko SH; Moore PA;
Address:		"Ginseng & Organic Co. Ltd., Industry Academy Cooperation, Joongbu University, Geum San, South Korea"
Journal Title:		J Environ Sci Health B
Year:		2011
Volume:		46
Issue:		5
Page Number:		432 - 435
DOI:		10.1080/03601234.2011.572525
ISSN/ISBN:		1532-4109 (Electronic) 0360-1234 (Linking)
Abstract:		"This study was a pen trial in which the effects of adding different rates of liquid aluminum chloride (AlCl(3)) on litter pH, total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and ammonia (NH(3)) fluxes was evaluated. Liquid AlCl(3) treatments used in this study were sprayed on the rice hull surface at rates of 100 g, 200 g, and 300 g liquid AlCl(3)/kg rice hulls; untreated rice hulls served as controls. Litter pH, total VFAs, and NH(3) fluxes were all lowered (P< 0.05) by all of the liquid AlCl(3) treatments compared with controls during certain times of the 5 week study. However, there were no significant differences among treatments on litter pH at the end of the study (from 3 to 5 weeks) or NH(3) fluxes at beginning of the study (0 to 3 weeks). Total VFAs were reduced 16 %, 29 %, and 53 % by 100 g liquid AlCl(3)/kg rice hulls, 200 g liquid AlCl(3)/kg rice hulls, and 300 g liquid AlCl(3)/kg rice hulls, respectively. Liquid AlCl(3)additions reduced NH(3) fluxes by 35 %, 57 % and 67 %, respectively, at the low, medium and high rates. In summary, these results indicate that adding liquid aluminum chloride to rice hulls would be a useful tool in reducing the negative environmental impact of poultry litter. It should be noted that the decreased VFA production and NH(3) volatilization was chiefly associated with reduction in litter pH"
Keywords:		"Aluminum Chloride Aluminum Compounds/*chemistry Ammonia/*chemistry Animal Husbandry Animals Chlorides/*chemistry Fatty Acids, Volatile/*chemistry Feces/*chemistry Female Male Poultry Refuse Disposal/*methods Volatilization;"
Notes:		"MedlineChoi, I H Choi, J H Ko, S H Moore, P A Jr eng Evaluation Study England 2011/05/27 J Environ Sci Health B. 2011; 46(5):432-5. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2011.572525"