| Title: | "Update on the human and mouse lipocalin (LCN) gene family, including evidence the mouse Mup cluster is result of an 'evolutionary bloom'" |
| Author(s): | Charkoftaki G; Wang Y; McAndrews M; Bruford EA; Thompson DC; Vasiliou V; Nebert DW; |
| Address: | "Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA. Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA. HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA. vasilis.vasiliou@yale.edu. Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics; Department of Pediatrics and Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Center, University Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA" |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s40246-019-0191-9 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1479-7364 (Electronic) 1473-9542 (Print) 1473-9542 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Lipocalins (LCNs) are members of a family of evolutionarily conserved genes present in all kingdoms of life. There are 19 LCN-like genes in the human genome, and 45 Lcn-like genes in the mouse genome, which include 22 major urinary protein (Mup) genes. The Mup genes, plus 29 of 30 Mup-ps pseudogenes, are all located together on chromosome (Chr) 4; evidence points to an 'evolutionary bloom' that resulted in this Mup cluster in mouse, syntenic to the human Chr 9q32 locus at which a single MUPP pseudogene is located. LCNs play important roles in physiological processes by binding and transporting small hydrophobic molecules -such as steroid hormones, odorants, retinoids, and lipids-in plasma and other body fluids. LCNs are extensively used in clinical practice as biochemical markers. LCN-like proteins (18-40 kDa) have the characteristic eight beta-strands creating a barrel structure that houses the binding-site; LCNs are synthesized in the liver as well as various secretory tissues. In rodents, MUPs are involved in communication of information in urine-derived scent marks, serving as signatures of individual identity, or as kairomones (to elicit fear behavior). MUPs also participate in regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism via a mechanism not well understood. Although much has been learned about LCNs and MUPs in recent years, more research is necessary to allow better understanding of their physiological functions, as well as their involvement in clinical disorders" |
| Keywords: | "Animals *Evolution, Molecular Genome, Human Humans Lipocalins/*genetics/metabolism Mice Multigene Family;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineCharkoftaki, Georgia Wang, Yewei McAndrews, Monica Bruford, Elspeth A Thompson, David C Vasiliou, Vasilis Nebert, Daniel W eng U24 HG003345/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ Review England 2019/02/21 Hum Genomics. 2019 Feb 19; 13(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s40246-019-0191-9" |
