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Environ Monit Assess

Title:		Toxicity assessment of electrochemical advanced oxidation process-treated groundwater from a gas station with petrochemical contamination
Author(s):		Chao HR; Que DE; Aquino AC; Gou YY; Tayo LL; Lin YH; Tsai MH; Hsu FL; Lu IC; Lin SL; Srikhao N; Shy CG; Huang KL;
Address:		"Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan. hrchao@mail.npust.edu.tw. Institute of Food Safety Management, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan. hrchao@mail.npust.edu.tw. Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan. School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University, Muralla St., Intramuros, 1002, Manila, Philippines. Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan. Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan. Department of Child Care, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan. Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, 83347, Taiwan. Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, 83347, Taiwan. Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan. Department of Chemical Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Department of Radiology, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung City, Pingtung, 900, Taiwan. Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan. huangkl@mail.npust.edu.tw"
Journal Title:		Environ Monit Assess
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200630
Issue:		7
Page Number:		473 -
DOI:		10.1007/s10661-020-08393-0
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-2959 (Electronic) 0167-6369 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) is known for its efficient and fast degradation of organic pollutants in polluted water treatment. In this study, the EAOP using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode was applied to treat two-season groundwater samples collected from four sampling wells (GS1 to GS4) with petrochemical contaminants including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, total organic compounds (TOC), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) at a gas station in southern Taiwan. Moreover, toxicity tests (ATP, p53, and NF-kappaB bioassays) were performed to evaluate the biological responses of raw and EAOP-treated groundwater. Results show that the concentrations of chlorobenzene before and after EAOP treatment were all below its method detection limit. High degradation efficiencies were observed for MTBE (100%), benzene (100%), toluene (100%, except that of GS2 in the first season), TPH (94-97%, except that of GS4 in the first season), and TOC (85-99%). Cell viability for both the raw groundwater (81.2 +/- 13.5%) and EAOP-treated samples (84.7 +/- 11.7%) as detected using the ATP bioassay showed no significant difference (p = 0.715). A mean reduction in the DNA damage (739 to 165 ng DOX-equivalency L(-1) (ng DOX-EQ. L(-1))) and inflammatory response levels (460 to 157 ng TNFalpha-equivalency L(-1) (ng TNFalpha-EQ. L(-1))) were observed for EAOP-treated samples subjected to p53 and NF-kappaB bioassays. Overall, the significances of the average degradation efficiency, DNA damage, and inflammatory response before and after groundwater with EAOP treatment was observed to be significant (p < 0.05). p53 and NF-kappaB bioassays might be applied to assess ecotoxic risk in the environment"
Keywords:		"*Environmental Monitoring *Groundwater/chemistry Oxidation-Reduction Petroleum Pollution/analysis Taiwan *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/toxicity Water Purification Biological toxicity Boron-doped diamond electrode Electrochemical advanced oxidation;"
Notes:		"MedlineChao, How-Ran Que, Danielle E Aquino, Alisha C Gou, Yan-You Tayo, Lemmuel L Lin, Yi-Hsien Tsai, Ming-Hsien Hsu, Fu-Lin Lu, I-Cheng Lin, Sheng-Lun Srikhao, Natwat Shy, Cherng-Gueih Huang, Kuo-Lin eng 0000/the Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Fund Management Board of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration/ Netherlands 2020/07/02 Environ Monit Assess. 2020 Jun 30; 192(7):473. doi: 10.1007/s10661-020-08393-0"