| Title: | Optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction technique for extraction of volatile smokeless powder compounds in forensic applications |
| Author(s): | Chang KH; Yew CH; Abdullah AF; |
| Address: | "Forensic Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1556-4029 (Electronic) 0022-1198 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Smokeless powders are low explosives and are potentially found in cases involving firearms and improvised explosive devices. Apart from inorganic compound analysis, forensic determination of organic components of these materials appears as a promising alternative, especially the chromatographic techniques. This work describes the optimization of a solid-phase microextraction technique using an 85 mum polyacrylate fiber followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection for smokeless powder. A multivariate experimental design was performed to optimize extraction-influencing parameters. A 2(4) factorial first-order design revealed that sample temperature and extraction time were the major influencing parameters. Doehlert matrix design has subsequently selected 66 degrees C and 21 min as the compromised conditions for the two predetermined parameters. This extraction technique has successfully detected the headspace compounds of smokeless powders from different ammunition types and allowed for their differentiation. The novel technique allows more rapid sample preparation for chromatographic detection of smokeless powders" |
| Keywords: | Doehlert matrix design forensic chemistry forensic science gas chromatography-flame ionization detection multivariate experimental design smokeless powders solid-phase microextraction; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEChang, Kah Haw Yew, Chong Hooi Abdullah, Ahmad Fahmi Lim eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2014/03/13 J Forensic Sci. 2014 Jul; 59(4):1100-8. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12440. Epub 2014 Feb 24" |
