| Title: | Optimization of training and measurement protocol for eNose analysis of urine headspace aimed at prostate cancer diagnosis |
| Author(s): | Capelli L; Bax C; Grizzi F; Taverna G; |
| Address: | "Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico Di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy. Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico Di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy. carmen.bax@polimi.it. Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy. Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Milan, Italy. Department of Urology, Humanitas Mater Domini Hospital, Via Gerenzano, 2, 21053, Castellanza, Varese, Italy. Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy" |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-021-00033-y |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2045-2322 (Electronic) 2045-2322 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "More than one million new cases of prostate cancer (PCa) were reported worldwide in 2020, and a significant increase of PCa incidence up to 2040 is estimated. Despite potential treatability in early stages, PCa diagnosis is challenging because of late symptoms' onset and limits of current screening procedures. It has been now accepted that cell transformation leads to release of volatile organic compounds in biologic fluids, including urine. Thus, several studies proposed the possibility to develop new diagnostic tools based on urine analysis. Among these, electronic noses (eNoses) represent one of the most promising devices, because of their potential to provide a non-invasive diagnosis. Here we describe the approach aimed at defining the experimental protocol for eNose application for PCa diagnosis. Our research investigates effects of sample preparation and analysis on eNose responses and repeatability. The dependence of eNose diagnostic performance on urine portion analysed, techniques involved for extracting urine volatiles and conditioning temperature were analysed. 192 subjects (132 PCa patients and 60 controls) were involved. The developed experimental protocol has resulted in accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 83% (CI(95%) 77-89), 82% (CI(95%) 73-88) and 87% (CI(95%) 75-94), respectively. Our findings define eNoses as valuable diagnostic tool allowing rapid and non-invasive PCa diagnosis" |
| Keywords: | "Aged Aged, 80 and over Electronic Nose Humans Male Middle Aged Prostate/*pathology Prostatic Neoplasms/*diagnosis/*urine Sensitivity and Specificity Urine/*chemistry Volatile Organic Compounds/urine;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineCapelli, Laura Bax, Carmen Grizzi, Fabio Taverna, Gianluigi eng England 2021/10/24 Sci Rep. 2021 Oct 22; 11(1):20898. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00033-y" |
