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Toxicon

Title:		"Volatiles from the venom of five species of paper wasps (Polistes dominulus, P. gallicus, P. nimphus, P. sulcifer and P. olivaceus)"
Author(s):		Bruschini C; Dani FR; Pieraccini G; Guarna F; Turillazzi S;
Address:		"Centro Interdipartimentale di Spettrometria di Massa (CISM), Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy. c.bruschini@virgilio.it"
Journal Title:		Toxicon
Year:		2006
Volume:		20060515
Issue:		7
Page Number:		812 - 825
DOI:		10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.03.002
ISSN/ISBN:		0041-0101 (Print) 0041-0101 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The venom volatiles of five paper wasp species, four European belonging to the subgenus Polistes sensu stricto (P. dominulus, P. gallicus, P. nimphus, P. sulcifer) and one belonging to the Asian subgenus Gyrostoma (P. olivaceus), have been sampled by headspace solid phase micro-extraction and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The venom volatile components of Polistes wasps have never been fully investigated before, although the presence of some spiroacetals has been previously reported in literature. The composition of the venom was qualitatively and quantitatively different among the analysed species with the major substances tentatively identified, on the basis of their mass spectra, as: spiroacetals, mainly 2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane, two amides, N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide and N-(3-methylbutyl)propanamide and acetates of saturated, mono- and di-unsaturated 2-alcohols with an odd number of carbon atoms in the chain. The acetate of a di-unsaturated 2-alcohol, present in two isomeric forms, identified as (E)- and (Z)-5-tangerinol has never been reported in literature for insects. Propanoates of the same 2-alcohols were only found in the venom of P. gallicus. Both the amides and the above-mentioned spiroacetal have been already shown to be alarm pheromones in other social wasps, while the acetates and propanoates have ever been reported in this taxon"
Keywords:		"Animals Chromatography, Ion Exchange Mass Spectrometry Species Specificity Volatilization Wasp Venoms/*chemistry Wasps/*chemistry/*classification;"
Notes:		"MedlineBruschini, Claudia Dani, Francesca R Pieraccini, Giuseppe Guarna, Francesco Turillazzi, Stefano eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2006/05/16 Toxicon. 2006 Jun 1; 47(7):812-25. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.03.002. Epub 2006 May 15"