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Plant J

Title:		Separation of early and late responses to herbivory in Arabidopsis by changing plasmodesmal function
Author(s):		Bricchi I; Occhipinti A; Bertea CM; Zebelo SA; Brillada C; Verrillo F; De Castro C; Molinaro A; Faulkner C; Maule AJ; Maffei ME;
Address:		"Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Innovation Centre, Via Quarello 11/A, 10135 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, ItalyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK"
Journal Title:		Plant J
Year:		2013
Volume:		20121108
Issue:		1
Page Number:		14 - 25
DOI:		10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.05103.x
ISSN/ISBN:		1365-313X (Electronic) 0960-7412 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Herbivory results in an array of physiological changes in the host that are separable from the associated physical damage. We have made the surprising observation that an Arabidopsis line (pdko3) mutated in genes encoding plasmodesmal proteins is defective in some, but not all, of the typical plant responses to herbivory. We tested the responses of plasma transmembrane potential (Vm) depolarization, voltage gated K(+) channel activity, cytosolic calcium [Ca2+]cyt and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2 O2 and NO) release, shoot-to-root signaling, biosynthesis of the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and the elicitation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Following herbivory and the release of factors present in insect oral secretions (including a putative beta-galactofuranose polysaccharide), both the pdko3 and wild type (WT) plants showed a increased accumulation of [Ca2+]cyt , NO and H2 O2 . In contrast, unlike WT plants, the mutant line showed an almost complete loss of voltage gated K(+) channel activity and Vm depolarization, a loss of shoot-induced root-Vm depolarization, a loss of activation and regulation of gene expression of the JA defense pathway, and a much diminished release and altered profile of VOCs. The mutations in genes for plasmodesmal proteins have provided valuable genetic tools for the dissection of the complex spectrum of responses to herbivory and shown us that the responses to herbivory can be separated into a calcium-activated oxidative response and a K(+) -dependent Vm-activated jasmonate response associated with the release of VOCs"
Keywords:		"Animals Arabidopsis/*physiology Calcium/physiology Cell Membrane/physiology Herbivory Membrane Potentials/physiology Plasmodesmata/*physiology Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/physiology Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism Signal Transduction/physiology S;"
Notes:		"MedlineBricchi, Irene Occhipinti, Andrea Bertea, Cinzia M Zebelo, Simon A Brillada, Carla Verrillo, Francesca De Castro, Cristina Molinaro, Antonio Faulkner, Christine Maule, Andrew J Maffei, Massimo E eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2012/07/11 Plant J. 2013 Jan; 73(1):14-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.05103.x. Epub 2012 Nov 8"