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J Agric Food Chem

Title:		Silo-Stored Pistachios at Varying Humidity Levels Produce Distinct Volatile Biomarkers
Author(s):		Beck JJ; Willett DS; Mahoney NE; Gee WS;
Address:		"Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States. Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States"
Journal Title:		J Agric Food Chem
Year:		2017
Volume:		20170111
Issue:		3
Page Number:		551 - 556
DOI:		10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04384
ISSN/ISBN:		1520-5118 (Electronic) 0021-8561 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Fungal-contaminated tissues are known to produce volatile profiles that are different from uncontaminated tissues. Fungi require certain water activity levels before growth can occur. For nonxerophilic fungi, a water activity of 0.85 is typical for growth, and for extreme xerophilic fungi, the water activity can be as low as 0.64. Recent investigations with stored pistachios (kernels in shell, no hull tissue) at varying relative humidities showed differences among the collected volatile profiles at the tested humidities (ambient, 63, 75, and 84%). Water activities of the kernel and shell were also measured. Results showed significant changes in volatile profiles as a function of water activity of the corresponding pistachio tissue with measured water activity levels at or below that of what is considered extreme xerophilic activities. Because fungal growth, including mycotoxigenic fungi, is dependent upon water activity, the detected volatile profiles could be used for early detection of fungal presence. Multivariate analysis of the volatile data demonstrated significant differences among the volatile profiles at the tested relative humidity levels, and several volatiles were identified as biomarkers of increased humidity and likely fungal development"
Keywords:		Food Contamination/*analysis Food Storage Fungi/growth & development/*metabolism Humidity Pistacia/chemistry/*microbiology Seeds/microbiology Volatile Organic Compounds/*chemistry/metabolism Water/analysis/metabolism detection fungal spore percent moistur;
Notes:		"MedlineBeck, John J Willett, Denis S Mahoney, Noreen E Gee, Wai S eng 2016/12/28 J Agric Food Chem. 2017 Jan 25; 65(3):551-556. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04384. Epub 2017 Jan 11"