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Waste Manag

Title:		Physical and chemical indicators of transformations of poultry carcass parts and broiler litter during short term thermophilic composting
Author(s):		Avidov R; Sudharsan Varma V; Saadi I; Hanan A; Yoselevich I; Lublin A; Chen Y; Laor Y;
Address:		"Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Israel; Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: avidov6@gmail.com. Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Israel. Agricultural Extension Service of Israel (Shaham), Israel. Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel. Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Israel. Electronic address: laor@volcani.agri.gov.il"
Journal Title:		Waste Manag
Year:		2021
Volume:		20201015
Issue:
Page Number:		202 - 214
DOI:		10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.040
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-2456 (Electronic) 0956-053X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Short-term on-site composting of poultry carcasses and broiler litter (BL) is considered as a feasible technology for pathogen elimination during events of mass mortality in poultry houses. However, factors related to mass losses and physical transformation of the poultry carcass, and associated emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odors, have not been thoroughly evaluated. This study aims to characterize the degradation of separated carcass parts co-composted with BL and the associated air emissions during 30 days of enclosed composting at 50 degrees C with constant aeration. The study was carried out in lab-scale simulators using five mixtures containing feathers, rib bones, skins, breast muscles, and hearts and livers, prepared at a 1:2 volumetric ratio (carcass:BL). Dry mass losses reached 59.5, 41.1, 60.8 and 103.5% (based on weight) or 48.4, 29.6, 49.7, and 94.8% (based on CO(2)-C and NH(3)-N emissions), for rib bones, skins, breast muscles, and hearts and livers, respectively. Visually, most of the carcass parts were degraded, and the typical carcass odor had disappeared by the end of the 30 days. Out of 24 VOCs, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) contributed 80.7-88.3% of the total VOC flux, considering the partial contribution of each part to the emissions involved with the whole carcass. DMDS, DMTS, benzaldehyde, methanethiol, pentanoic acid, and NH(3), contributed 90.5-97.9% of the odor activity values during composting. DMDS/DMTS ratio is suggested as a potential biomarker of stabilization and readiness of the compost for transportation toward further treatment or safe burial"
Keywords:		Animals Chickens *Composting Manure Odorants Poultry Soil Ammonia (NH(3)) emission Biomarker Enclosed composting Mass mortality Odor Activity Values (OAV) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emission;
Notes:		"MedlineAvidov, R Sudharsan Varma, V Saadi, I Hanan, A Yoselevich, I Lublin, A Chen, Y Laor, Y eng 2020/10/19 Waste Manag. 2021 Jan 1; 119:202-214. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.040. Epub 2020 Oct 15"