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Mycorrhiza

Title:		"Phytohormones and volatile organic compounds, like geosmin, in the ectomycorrhiza of Tricholoma vaccinum and Norway spruce (Picea abies)"
Author(s):		Abdulsalam O; Wagner K; Wirth S; Kunert M; David A; Kallenbach M; Boland W; Kothe E; Krause K;
Address:		"Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany. Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany. Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany. katrin.krause@uni-jena.de"
Journal Title:		Mycorrhiza
Year:		2021
Volume:		20201118
Issue:		2
Page Number:		173 - 188
DOI:		10.1007/s00572-020-01005-2
ISSN/ISBN:		1432-1890 (Electronic) 0940-6360 (Print) 0940-6360 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The ectomycorrhizospheric habitat contains a diverse pool of organisms, including the host plant, mycorrhizal fungi, and other rhizospheric microorganisms. Different signaling molecules may influence the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. Here, we investigated the potential of the basidiomycete Tricholoma vaccinum to produce communication molecules for the interaction with its coniferous host, Norway spruce (Picea abies). We focused on the production of volatile organic compounds and phytohormones in axenic T. vaccinum cultures, identified the potential biosynthesis genes, and investigated their expression by RNA-Seq analyses. T. vaccinum released volatiles not usually associated with fungi, like limonene and beta-barbatene, and geosmin. Using stable isotope labeling, the biosynthesis of geosmin was elucidated. The geosmin biosynthesis gene ges1 of T. vaccinum was identified, and up-regulation was scored during mycorrhiza, while a different regulation was seen with mycorrhizosphere bacteria. The fungus also released the volatile phytohormone ethylene and excreted salicylic and abscisic acid as well as jasmonates into the medium. The tree excreted the auxin, indole-3-acetic acid, and its biosynthesis intermediate, indole-3-acetamide, as well as salicylic acid with its root exudates. These compounds could be shown for the first time in exudates as well as in soil of a natural ectomycorrhizospheric habitat. The effects of phytohormones present in the mycorrhizosphere on hyphal branching of T. vaccinum were assessed. Salicylic and abscisic acid changed hyphal branching in a concentration-dependent manner. Since extensive branching is important for mycorrhiza establishment, a well-balanced level of mycorrhizospheric phytohormones is necessary. The regulation thus can be expected to contribute to an interkingdom language"
Keywords:		*Abies Agaricales *Mycorrhizae Naphthols Norway *Picea Plant Growth Regulators *Tricholoma *Volatile Organic Compounds Ectomycorrhiza Geosmin Germacradienol synthase Norway spruce Phytohormones Tricholoma vaccinum Volatile organic compounds;
Notes:		"MedlineAbdulsalam, Oluwatosin Wagner, Katharina Wirth, Sophia Kunert, Maritta David, Anja Kallenbach, Mario Boland, Wilhelm Kothe, Erika Krause, Katrin eng Germany 2020/11/20 Mycorrhiza. 2021 Mar; 31(2):173-188. doi: 10.1007/s00572-020-01005-2. Epub 2020 Nov 18"