| Title: | High temperature promotes the inhibition effect of Zn(2+) on inducible defense of Scenedesmus obliquus |
| Author(s): | Zhu X; Wang Y; Hou X; Kong Q; Sun Y; Wang J; Huang Y; Yang Z; |
| Address: | "College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China. Electronic address: yangzhou@njnu.edu.cn" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.116 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1879-1298 (Electronic) 0045-6535 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Morphological defense is assumed to be an effective anti-grazer strategy in phytoplankton. Scenedesmus obliquus, a globally widespread freshwater chlorophyte, can form colonies in response to the infochemicals of herbivorous zooplankton and survive in coexistence with grazers. However, the inducible defense response is often disturbed by abiotic or biotic factors, especially under the increasing global warming and environmental pollution. In this study, two nonlethal environmental factors, namely, elevated temperature and environmentally relevant Zn(2+) concentrations, decreased colony formation of S. obliquus induced by Daphnia grazing infochemicals. Elevated temperature (30?ª+ degrees C) reduced the inducible colony size and shortened the maintenance time of defensive colonies. Decreased colony size was detected with increased Zn(2+) concentration. Colony formation was inhibited even at low Zn(2+) concentration (0.131?ª+mumol?ª+L(-1)), which neither retarded growth nor affected photosynthesis. Warming promoted the inhibition effect of Zn(2+) on inducible colony formation of S. obliquus. Warming also enhanced Zn(2+) toxicity, which caused the growth rate of S. obliquus to be hindered by high Zn(2+) concentrations at elevated temperature. Specially, S. obliquus which formed inducible colonies under the condition of Daphnia infochemicals had higher tolerance to Zn(2+) toxicity and thus likely exerted protective effects against heavy metals. The results indicated the combined effects of global warming and heavy-metal pollution result in more severe impact on the inducible defense of S. obliquus" |
| Keywords: | *Agrochemicals Animals Daphnia/*metabolism Scenedesmus/drug effects/*growth & development *Temperature Zinc/*pharmacology Colony formation Elevated temperature Heavy metal Inducible defense Protective effect; |
| Notes: | "MedlineZhu, Xuexia Wang, Yuanyuan Hou, Xinying Kong, Qingdan Sun, Yunfei Wang, Jun Huang, Yuan Yang, Zhou eng England 2018/10/28 Chemosphere. 2019 Feb; 216:203-212. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.116. Epub 2018 Oct 18" |
