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Bull Entomol Res

Title:		Diversity of tortricid moths in apple orchards: evidence for a cryptic species of Grapholita (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from China
Author(s):		Zheng Y; Wu RX; Dorn S; Chen MH;
Address:		"College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China. ETH Zurich, Applied Entomology,Schmelzbergstrasse 9/LFO, 8092 Zurich,Switzerland"
Journal Title:		Bull Entomol Res
Year:		2017
Volume:		20161104
Issue:		2
Page Number:		268 - 280
DOI:		10.1017/S0007485316000973
ISSN/ISBN:		1475-2670 (Electronic) 0007-4853 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Understanding herbivore diversity both at the species and genetic levels is a key to effective pest management. We examined moth samples from multiple locations from a major apple growing region in China. For specimen collection, we used a pheromone trap designed to attract Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Surprisingly, we found a second species captured at high proportions. Its external morphology (e.g., male genitalia and forewing coloration) was the same as for Grapholita funebrana Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) specimens from Europe. However, the barcode sequence of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) diverged markedly between specimens from China and Europe, and the genetic distance value between the specimens from the two regions as estimated using the Juke-Cantor (JC) model amounted to 0.067. These morphological and molecular findings together point to a cryptic species in G. funebrana from China. Further molecular analyses based on COI and COII genes revealed its extremely high genetic diversity, indicating that the origin of this species includes the sampling region. Moreover, molecular data suggest that this species passed through a recent population expansion. This is the first report on a cryptic species in G. funebrana, as well as the first report on its genetic diversity"
Keywords:		"Animals China Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics/metabolism *Food Chain Genetic Speciation *Genetic Variation Genitalia, Male/anatomy & histology Insect Proteins/*genetics/metabolism Male Mitochondrial Proteins Moths/anatomy & histology/*genetics Phyl;"
Notes:		"MedlineZheng, Y Wu, R X Dorn, S Chen, M H eng England 2016/11/05 Bull Entomol Res. 2017 Apr; 107(2):268-280. doi: 10.1017/S0007485316000973. Epub 2016 Nov 4"