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Environ Pollut

Title:		Decadal changes in emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from on-road vehicles with intensified automobile pollution control: Case study in a busy urban tunnel in south China
Author(s):		Zhang Y; Yang W; Simpson I; Huang X; Yu J; Huang Z; Wang Z; Zhang Z; Liu D; Huang Z; Wang Y; Pei C; Shao M; Blake DR; Zheng J; Huang Z; Wang X;
Address:		"State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China. School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. Guangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510030, China. State Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China. Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China. Electronic address: wangxm@gig.ac.cn"
Journal Title:		Environ Pollut
Year:		2018
Volume:		20171113
Issue:
Page Number:		806 - 819
DOI:		10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.133
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6424 (Electronic) 0269-7491 (Linking)
Abstract:		"In the efforts at controlling automobile emissions, it is important to know in what extent air pollutants from on-road vehicles could be truly reduced. In 2014 we conducted tests in a heavily trafficked tunnel in south China to characterize emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from on-road vehicle fleet and compared our results with those obtained in the same tunnel in 2004. Alkanes, aromatics, and alkenes had average emission factors (EFs) of 338, 63, and 42 mg km(-1) in 2014 against that of 194, 129, and 160 mg km(-1) in 2004, respectively. In 2014, LPG-related propane, n-butane and i-butane were the top three non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) with EFs of 184 +/- 21, 53 +/- 6 and 31 +/- 3 mg km(-1); the gasoline evaporation marker i-pentane had an average EF of 17 +/- 3 mg km(-1); ethylene and propene were the top two alkenes with average EFs of 16 +/- 1 and 9.7 +/- 0.9 mg km(-1), respectively; isoprene had no direct emission from vehicles; toluene showed the highest EF of 11 +/- 2 mg km(-1) among the aromatics; and acetylene had an average EF of 7 +/- 1 mg km(-1). While EFs of total NMHCs decreased only 9% from 493 +/- 120 mg km(-1) in 2004 to 449 +/- 40 mg km(-1) in 2014, their total ozone formation potential (OFP) decreased by 57% from 2.50 x 10(3) mg km(-1) in 2004 to 1.10 x 10(3) mg km(-1) in 2014, and their total secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) decreased by 50% from 50 mg km(-1) in 2004 to 25 mg km(-1) in 2014. The large drop in ozone and SOA formation potentials could be explained by reduced emissions of reactive alkenes and aromatics, due largely to fuel transition from gasoline/diesel to LPG for taxis/buses and upgraded vehicle emission standards"
Keywords:		Aerosols Air Pollutants/*analysis Alkanes/analysis Alkenes Automobiles Butadienes Butanes China *Environmental Monitoring Environmental Policy Environmental Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data Gasoline H;
Notes:		"MedlineZhang, Yanli Yang, Weiqiang Simpson, Isobel Huang, Xinyu Yu, Jianzhen Huang, Zhonghui Wang, Zhaoyi Zhang, Zhou Liu, Di Huang, Zuzhao Wang, Yujun Pei, Chenglei Shao, Min Blake, Donald R Zheng, Junyu Huang, Zhijiong Wang, Xinming eng England 2017/11/18 Environ Pollut. 2018 Feb; 233:806-819. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.133. Epub 2017 Nov 13"