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ACS Chem Biol

Title:		Acyl-CoA Oxidases Fine-Tune the Production of Ascaroside Pheromones with Specific Side Chain Lengths
Author(s):		Zhang X; Wang Y; Perez DH; Jones Lipinski RA; Butcher RA;
Address:		"Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States"
Journal Title:		ACS Chem Biol
Year:		2018
Volume:		20180314
Issue:		4
Page Number:		1048 - 1056
DOI:		10.1021/acschembio.7b01021
ISSN/ISBN:		1554-8937 (Electronic) 1554-8929 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Caenorhabditis elegans produces a complex mixture of ascaroside pheromones to control its development and behavior. Acyl-CoA oxidases, which participate in beta-oxidation cycles that shorten the side chains of the ascarosides, regulate the mixture of pheromones produced. Here, we use CRISPR-Cas9 to make specific nonsense and missense mutations in acox genes and determine the effect of these mutations on ascaroside production in vivo. Ascaroside production in acox-1.1 deletion and nonsense strains, as well as a strain with a missense mutation in a catalytic residue, confirms the central importance of ACOX-1.1 in ascaroside biosynthesis and suggests that ACOX-1.1 functions in part by facilitating the activity of other acyl-CoA oxidases. Ascaroside production in an acox-1.1 strain with a missense mutation in an ATP-binding site at the ACOX-1.1 dimer interface suggests that ATP binding is important for the enzyme to function in ascaroside biosynthesis in vivo. Ascaroside production in strains with deletion, nonsense, and missense mutations in other acox genes demonstrates that ACOX-1.1 works with ACOX-1.3 in processing ascarosides with 7-carbon side chains, ACOX-1.4 in processing ascarosides with 9- and 11-carbon side chains, and ACOX-3 in processing ascarosides with 13- and 15-carbon side chains. It also shows that ACOX-1.2, but not ACOX-1.1, processes ascarosides with 5-carbon omega-side chains. By modeling the ACOX structures, we uncover characteristics of the enzyme active sites that govern substrate preferences. Our work demonstrates the role of specific acyl-CoA oxidases in controlling the length of ascaroside side chains and thus in determining the mixture of pheromones produced by C. elegans"
Keywords:		"Acyl-CoA Oxidase/genetics/*metabolism/physiology Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism Animals Caenorhabditis elegans/*metabolism Catalytic Domain Gene Editing Glycolipids/chemistry Models, Molecular Mutation Oxidation-Reduction Pheromones/*biosynthesis;"
Notes:		"MedlineZhang, Xinxing Wang, Yuting Perez, David H Jones Lipinski, Rachel A Butcher, Rebecca A eng P40 OD010440/OD/NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2018/03/15 ACS Chem Biol. 2018 Apr 20; 13(4):1048-1056. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01021. Epub 2018 Mar 14"