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Environ Sci Technol

Title:		Modeling the uptake of semivolatile organic compounds by passive air samplers: importance of mass transfer processes within the porous sampling media
Author(s):		Zhang X; Wania F;
Address:		"Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Technol
Year:		2012
Volume:		20120813
Issue:		17
Page Number:		9563 - 9570
DOI:		10.1021/es302334r
ISSN/ISBN:		1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Air sampling based on diffusion of target molecules from the atmospheric gas phase to passive sampling media (PSMs) is currently modeled using the two-film approach. Originally developed to describe chemical exchange between air and water, it assumes a uniform chemical distribution in the bulk phases on either side of the interfacial films. Although such an assumption may be satisfied when modeling uptake in PSMs in which chemicals have high mobility, its validity is questionable for PSMs such as polyurethane foam disks and XAD-resin packed mesh cylinders. Mass transfer of chemicals through the PSMs may be subject to a large resistance because of the low mass fraction of gas-phase chemicals in the pores, where diffusion occurs. Here we present a model that does not assume that chemicals distribute uniformly in the PSMs. It describes the sequential diffusion of vapors through a stagnant air-side boundary layer and the PSM pores, and the reversible sorption onto the PSM. Sensitivity analyses reveal the potential influence of the latter two processes on passive sampling rates (PSRs) unless the air-side boundary layer is assumed to be extremely thick (i.e., representative of negligible wind speeds). The model also reveals that the temperature dependence of PSRs, differences in PSRs between different compounds, and a two-stage uptake, all observed in field calibrations, can be attributed to those mass transfer processes within the PSM. The kinetics of chemical sorption to the PSM from the gas phase in the macro-pores is a knowledge gap that needs to be addressed before the model can be applied to specific compounds"
Keywords:		"Adsorption Air Pollutants/*isolation & purification Diffusion Environmental Monitoring/*instrumentation Kinetics Models, Chemical Polystyrenes/*chemistry Polyurethanes/*chemistry Porosity Resins, Synthetic/*chemistry Volatile Organic Compounds/*isolation;"
Notes:		"MedlineZhang, Xianming Wania, Frank eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2012/08/01 Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Sep 4; 46(17):9563-70. doi: 10.1021/es302334r. Epub 2012 Aug 13"