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Pflugers Arch

Title:		Counter-flow suggests transport of dantrolene and 5-OH dantrolene by the organic anion transporters 2 (OAT2) and 3 (OAT3)
Author(s):		Burckhardt BC; Henjakovic M; Hagos Y; Burckhardt G;
Address:		"Institute of Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Gottingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Gottingen, Germany. birgitta.burckhardt@med.uni-goettingen.de. Institute of Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Gottingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Gottingen, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany. PortaCellTec Biosciences GmbH, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Gottingen, Germany"
Journal Title:		Pflugers Arch
Year:		2016
Volume:		20161103
Issue:		11-Dec
Page Number:		1909 - 1918
DOI:		10.1007/s00424-016-1894-6
ISSN/ISBN:		1432-2013 (Electronic) 0031-6768 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Dantrolene is the only available drug for the treatment of malignant hyperthermia, a life-threatening inborn sensitivity of the ryanodine receptor (RyR1) in skeletal muscles to volatile anesthetics. Dantrolene is metabolized in the liver to 5-OH dantrolene. Both compounds are zwitterions or net negatively charged. Here, we investigated interactions of dantrolene and 5-OH dantrolene with solute carrier (SLC) family members occurring in skeletal muscle cells, hepatocytes, and renal proximal tubule cells. SLC22A8 (organic anion transporter 3, OAT3) was very sensitive to both compounds exhibiting IC(50) values of 0.35 +/- 0.03 and 1.84 +/- 0.34 muM, respectively. These IC(50) concentrations are well below the plasma concentration in patients treated with dantrolene (3-28 muM). SLC22A7 (OAT2) was less sensitive to dantrolene and 5-OH dantrolene with IC(50) values of 15.6 +/- 2.1 and 15.8 +/- 3.2 muM, respectively. SLCO1B1 (OATP1B1), SLCO1B3 (OATP1B3), and SLCO2B1 (OATP2B1) mainly interacted with 5-OH dantrolene albeit with higher IC(50) values than those observed for OAT2 and OAT3. Dantrolene and 5-OH dantrolene failed to inhibit uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyrimidinium (MPP) by OCT1 and of carnitine by OCTN2. In counter-flow experiments on OAT3, dantrolene and 5-OH dantrolene decreased pre-equilibrated cellular [(3)H]estrone-3-sulfate (ES) content as did the transported substrates glutarate, furosemide, and bumetanide. With OAT2, dantrolene and 5-OH dantrolene slightly decreased the pre-equilibrated [(3)H]cGMP content. If no other transporter markedly contributes to uptake or release of ES or cGMP, respectively, these data suggest that OAT3 and OAT2 may be involved in absorption, metabolism, and excretion of dantrolene and its metabolite 5-OH dantrolene"
Keywords:		"Biological Transport Dantrolene/*pharmacology HEK293 Cells Humans Muscle Relaxants, Central/*pharmacology Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent/*metabolism Protein Binding;"
Notes:		"MedlineBurckhardt, Birgitta C Henjakovic, Maja Hagos, Yohannes Burckhardt, Gerhard eng Germany 2016/11/05 Pflugers Arch. 2016 Nov; 468(11-12):1909-1918. doi: 10.1007/s00424-016-1894-6. Epub 2016 Nov 3"