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J Chem Ecol

Title:		Behavioural Evidence and Chemical Identification of a Female Sex Pheromone in Anagrus atomus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)
Author(s):		Zanolli P; Annoscia D; Zanni V; Nazzi F; Pavan F;
Address:		"Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy. Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy. francesco.nazzi@uniud.it. Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy. francesco.pavan@uniud.it"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210416
Issue:		6
Page Number:		534 - 543
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-021-01272-z
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Print) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Anagrus atomus (L.) is an egg parasitoid involved in the biological control of Empoasca vitis (Gothe) in vineyards. Sex pheromones play a crucial role in mate finding for several parasitoid species and could be used for monitoring under field conditions. We carried out laboratory and field studies aimed at assessing the existence and identity of a possible A. atomus sex pheromone. We found that males were significantly attracted by virgin females independent of age. Males were not attracted to individuals of the same sex, but they were attracted by a crude extract from an unmated female and its polar fraction. Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) was identified as the attractive substance and proved to be attractive not only in the olfactometer but also in another laboratory bioassay and under field conditions. Attraction of males, but not females, confirms that this is not an aggregation pheromone. This is the first sex-pheromone component identified in Mymaridae, however more compounds could be involved in the mating behaviour of A. atomus. The utility of a sex pheromone in A. atomus is discussed in the context of fitness returns"
Keywords:		"Animals Female Hymenoptera/*drug effects Sex Attractants/*chemistry/*pharmacology Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects Biological control Egg parasitoids Empoasca vitis Eugenol Gc-ms;"
Notes:		"MedlineZanolli, Penelope Annoscia, Desiderato Zanni, Virginia Nazzi, Francesco Pavan, Francesco eng 2021/04/17 J Chem Ecol. 2021 Jun; 47(6):534-543. doi: 10.1007/s10886-021-01272-z. Epub 2021 Apr 16"